与颜钱塘登障楼望潮作
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唐代]:孟浩然
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百里闻雷震,鸣弦暂辍弹。
府中连骑出,江上待潮观。
照日秋云迥,浮天渤澥宽。
惊涛来似雪,一座凛生寒。
与颜钱塘登障楼望潮作译文及注释
译文
江潮如雷,声震百里,隆隆滚过,手中的鸣琴呀,暂且停止了弹拨。
府中的官员一个接一个骑马而出,观看潮水呀,早早地在江边等着。
阳光照射下,秋云仿佛格外高远,海水在天际浮动,显得特别宽阔。
浪涛涌来,卷起了千堆万堆白雪,观潮的人啊,谁不感到寒气凛冽。
注释
颜钱塘:指钱塘县令颜某,名未详。前人习惯以地名称该地行政长官。钱塘:旧县名,唐时县治在今浙江杭州市钱塘门内。
障楼:一作“樟亭”,指樟亭驿楼,在钱塘旧治南。
鸣弦:春秋时孔子弟子宓子贱,曾经为单父长官,他“呜琴不下堂而单父治”,这里用此典故,称颂颜县令善于为政。
辍(chuò):停止。
连骑:形容骑从众多,络绎而出的样子。
迥(jiǒng):远。
渤澥(xiè):指渤海。这里指钱塘江外的东海。
坐:通“座”,座位。
凛(lǐn):凛然。
参考资料:
1、萧少卿编著.古代登临诗词三百首:中国国际广播出版社,2014.09:第31页
2、朱宏辉,徐荣街.唐诗赏析:连云港市教师进修学院,1979.12:第19-20页
与颜钱塘登障楼望潮作创作背景
诗人漫游吴越,至杭州,约于开元十七年(729年)八月十五,与钱塘县令颜某同观钱塘江潮,写下了这首诗。
参考资料:
1、张忠纲主编.全唐诗大辞典 国家“九五”规划重点图书:语文出版社,2000.09:第354页
与颜钱塘登障楼望潮作鉴赏
这是一首咏写钱江潮的作品,叙写江潮如雷似雪,有声有色,十分壮观。全诗可以分为观潮前与观潮两部分。
诗的前四句写观潮前。“百里闻雷震,鸣弦暂辍弹”。未见江潮,先闻其声。潮声巨大,犹如雷震,并臣震动百里。首句五个字渲染出江潮的磅礴气势。诗的起句先声夺人,很有力量。“鸣弦暂辍弹”描述县令暂停公务前往观潮,字面上却以“鸣弦辍弹”出之,巧妙地造成以弦声反衬潮声,使读者感到在江潮的巨大声势下,弦声喑哑了。这句暗用孔子弟子宓子贱任单公县县令时,鸣琴不下堂而把县城治理好的典故,称赞颜钱塘善理政。写县衙门内连骑涌出,急速赶到江岸上观潮,进一步渲染气氛。
诗的后四句直写观潮的景况。诗人仍不写涨潮,而是以两句描绘钱塘江潮到来的壮丽景象。但诗人仍不是直接写潮,而用日光、秋云、天空、大海烘托。上句以秋云迥衬托江潮远远而来,下句借浮天渤澥反映潮的浩阔,充分地表现出大潮澎湃动荡的伟力。接着诗人向读者描绘出涨潮的壮观画面:“惊涛来似雪”,惊涛骇浪排空而来,如万马奔腾,潮水卷起的浪墙似一道突起的雪岭,铺天盖地而来。画面气势宏大,雄奇无比。结句“一坐凛生寒”是又一次衬托,用满座观潮人吓得胆颤心寒,再次对钱江潮这宇宙的奇观进行热烈的赞颂。由于诗人在描写钱江潮时多次运用了烘托的手法,进行反复的渲染,因而获得了直接描摹所难以获得的艺术效果。
一般观潮诗往往只极力描写大潮的雄伟壮丽,而这首诗从人和潮两方面来写。写人主要写听潮,写出观,写待潮,写观潮,写观感,写出了观潮的全过程。写潮用了一虚笔一实笔:虚是“百里闻雷震”,从听的角度写潮声;实是“惊涛来似雪”,正面写大潮的雄奇伟丽。诗一张一弛,张弛有度,在雄浑壮美中显出从容潇洒的气韵。用“雷震”起调,先是一张。二句接着是言“辍”,一弛;三句言“出”,又是一张。四句言“待”,又是一弛。五六两句仿佛与潮无关,完全宕开去,是最大限度的弛。七八句将全诗推向最高潮,是最大限度的张。这首诗利用张弛的原理,高低的变化,写得波澜起伏,动人心魄。
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李白《
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下泾县陵阳溪至涩滩》
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李白《
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横江词·其四》
孟浩然简介
唐代·孟浩然的简介
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孟浩然(689-740),男,汉族,唐代诗人。本名不详(一说名浩),字浩然,襄州襄阳(今湖北襄阳)人,世称“孟襄阳”。浩然,少好节义,喜济人患难,工于诗。年四十游京师,唐玄宗诏咏其诗,至“不才明主弃”之语,玄宗谓:“卿自不求仕,朕未尝弃卿,奈何诬我?”因放还未仕,后隐居鹿门山,著诗二百余首。孟浩然与另一位山水田园诗人王维合称为“王孟”。
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