卜算子·薄宦各东西
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宋代]：黄公度
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薄宦各东西，往事随风雨。先自离歌不忍闻，又何况，春将暮。
愁共落花多，人逐征鸿去。君向潇湘我向秦，后会知何处。
卜算子·薄宦各东西译文及注释
译文
为了这个小官，兄弟们不得不各奔东西。知烟的往事随着岁月的风雨渐渐逝去，别的歌曲已经不忍再听，何况又遇上百花猾谢的暮春天气？
愁情啊，就像纷纷凋零的落花那样多。兄弟们啊，就要追随着鸿雁远去。您向南方霉向覃北就要出发，谁知以后相会在哪里？
注释
卜算子：词牌名，又名《百尺楼》《眉峰碧》《楚天遥》等。双调，四十四字，上下片各两仄韵。
薄宦（huàn）：谓官职卑微，仕途不甚得意。
征鸿：远行的大雁。
潇湘：即潇水和湘水，均在湖南境内。这里是代指湖南一带。
秦：今陕西一带。
参考资料：
1、喻朝刚，周航主编．中华文化的传世经典 宋词观止 五 注释 解说 集评：大众文艺出版社，2009.04：第792-793页
2、郭彦全编著．历代词今译：首都师范大学出版社，1994.09：第214页
卜算子·薄宦各东西创作背景
词人于南宋高宗绍兴八年（1138年）举进士第一，其弟黄童亦以同榜乙科及第。兄弟同时释褐，本来是喜事，但入仕后便身不由己，即将各奔前程，再不能相濡以沫、鸡窗共晓了，因而词人感到心情沮丧，便写下这首词。创作背景
参考资料：
1、喻朝刚，周航．分类新编两宋绝妙好词：吉林文史出版社，1992.02 第1版：第783页
卜算子·薄宦各东西鉴赏
上片以“薄宦各东西”句开篇，交代了兄弟分离的情况。“薄宦”在这里非谦词，更多的是一种解嘲。朝廷软弱无力，官职空有其名。纵有鸿鹄之志，终也壮志难酬。自己宏图难展，只有“薄宦”小衔而已，虚幻如烟。“各东西”表示他们虽满腹不平，却也要为官出世，颠沛辗转，远行天际。这次分别，他们从此天各一方，纵使亲情再深，也徒有念牵而已。“往事随风雨”句写得比较隐晦，大有往事堪哀不可回首之意。“往事”既有他们相处的时光，更包含他们宦海沉浮的遭际以及北宋倾覆、南宋偏安的全部心酸历史。无论如何，这些都已随雨打风吹去，现实依旧如此。“先自离歌不忍闻”承接黄童的“别泪多于雨”一句而来，季弟的和章写得荡气回肠，直入词人心扉。其中有分别的泪水，有肺腑“四十秋”的情深，有西出阳关的凄凉，有处处思兄的伤心。如此离歌，难怪词人不忍再听。词人与从弟分别却这般凄怆，毫无男子的爽朗、豪迈是时代给他们内心划下的伤痕。身逢乱世，太多坎坷，他们所有的不满、所有的怨怼都无可排遣，只有两兄弟心有灵犀，倾吐高山流水之音，任世事变迁，有兄弟的鼓励安慰就是仅剩的温存。而现在连这亲情之梦部归于破碎，心中所剩的也只有伤感悲愤了。从此以往，他们只能独自承担生活的压抑，怨受着时间无情的流逝。“又何况，春将暮。”再次给这凄楚的氛围平添伤感的色彩。
下片承春暮而抒离愁。”愁共落花多”一语双关，既是分离的忧愁，又是人生的困顿。无论哪般，都已是郁结绵长，比落红还要多几分。“人逐征鸿去”，在孤单中渐行渐远，唯余词人一人承受着悲凉，生发“君向潇湘我向秦，后会知何处”的感喟。这句化用了唐代诗人郑谷《淮上与友人别》的“数声风笛离亭晚，君向潇湘我向秦”句，“潇湘”在南方，而秦属北地。这犹言兄弟南北分离，天地相隔，再相会不知其期。全词在低婉徘徊中收笔，其中浓浓的愁思依旧飘摇不断。
这首词不同于一般送别词之写景抒情，而以情带景，景物全是由离愁引出，又为离愁所包容。词人以浑厚的笔力将手足之情和分离之谊刻画得深沉、浓重，其字里行间也镌刻上时代的痕迹。既是送别的离曲，也是乱世的挽歌。全词抒情真率深切，笔力也清劲挺拔，语言质朴，格凋幽婉。
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柳永《
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西施·自从回步百花桥》
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吴惟信《
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苏堤清明即事》
黄公度简介
唐代·黄公度的简介
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黄公度（1109～1156）字师宪，号知稼翁，莆田（今属福建）人。绍兴八年进士第一，签书平海军节度判官。后被秦桧诬陷，罢归。除秘书省正字，罢为主管台州崇道观。十九年，差通判肇庆府，摄知南恩州。桧死复起，仕至尚书考功员外郎兼金部员外郎，卒年四十八，著有《知稼翁集》十一卷，《知稼翁词》一卷。
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