天净沙·秋思
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元代]：马致远
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枯藤老树昏鸦，
小桥流水人家，
古道西风瘦马。
夕阳西下，
断肠人在天涯。
天净沙·秋思译文及注释
译文
天色黄昏，一群乌鸦落在枯藤缠绕的老树上，发出凄厉的哀鸣。
小桥下流水哗哗作响，小桥边庄户人家炊烟袅袅。
古道上一匹瘦马，顶着西风艰难地前行。
夕阳渐渐地失去了光泽，从西边落下。
凄寒的夜色里，只有孤独的旅人漂泊在遥远的地方。
注释
枯藤：枯萎的枝蔓。昏鸦：黄昏时归巢的乌鸦。昏：傍晚。
人家：农家。此句写出了诗人对温馨的家庭的渴望。
古道：已经废弃不堪再用的古老驿道（路）或年代久远的驿道。西风：寒冷、萧瑟的秋风。瘦马：瘦骨如柴的马。
断肠人：形容伤心悲痛到极点的人，此指漂泊天涯、极度忧伤的旅人。
天涯：远离家乡的地方。
参考资料：
1、陈国林 ．高中生必背古诗言语 ：龙门书局出版社 ，2012年8月 ：200 ．
天净沙·秋思创作背景
马致远年轻时热衷功名，但由于元统治者实行民族高压政策，因而一直未能得志。他几乎一生都过着漂泊无定的生活。他也因之而郁郁不志，困窘潦倒一生。于是在羁旅途中，写下了这首《天净沙·秋思》。
参考资料：
1、霍松林 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：234-236
天净沙·秋思鉴赏
这首曲子的题目叫《秋思》，是一篇悲秋的作品。秋士易感，是中国文坛古老的传统。自屈原的《离骚》起一直延续到现在。《乐记》中说：“人心之动，物使之然也。”意思是外物使人内心的情意活动起来。那又是什么东西能让外物动起来呢？《诗品》云：“气之动物，物之感人，故摇荡性情，形诸舞咏。”他认为，这种能让物动，从而引起你内心感动的是‘气’。那气又是什么呢？古人认为，宇宙间有阴阳二气，是它们的运行才产生了天地万物和四时晨昏。譬如：夏天阳气最盛，所以草木茂盛。但盛到极点就开始衰落，阴气渐生，慢慢到了秋天和冬天。秋冬之际阴气最重，因而草木衰败。阴到极点又转为阳，阳生而万物长，所以春天就会百花齐放。由于四季的冷暖不同，自然景色也不同，人的内心也就随着这些变化而感动。春天草木的萌发让人联想到美好，所以引起喜欢的心理。秋天草木的凋零让人联想到生命的衰老与终结。因此会让人感到忧愁和悲伤。《离骚》中屈原叹道：“日月忽其不淹兮，春与秋其代序。惟草木之零落兮，恐美人之迟暮。”宋玉在《九辩》里说：“悲哉，秋之为气也！萧瑟兮，草木摇落而变衰……。”陆机《文赋》云：“悲落叶于劲秋，喜柔条于芳春。”虽然他们所处的时代不同，但他们的思想感情是相同的。
再看他的布景：“又是黄昏，一天快要结束。夕阳斜挂在山头欲落还留的样子，依依不舍得完成了一天的使命。眼前的景色真是满目凄凉，藤是枯萎的藤，已经没有了生命。树是千年老树，飒飒的西风在吹着它走向风烛残年。道是荒凉的古道，马是体弱无力的瘦马。飘零在天涯海角的人，面对如此萧瑟的景色怎么能不断肠呢。你看这小桥、流水、人家都是那么安详，那么静謚。又是那么温馨。而我的家乡、亲人却又离我那么远。哦，他们还好吗？天气渐渐变冷，他们加了衣服吗？买了被子吗？这一切的一切是都么让人牵挂。既然那么让人牵肠挂肚，我为什么不早点回去呢？为了所谓的前程吗？为了那所谓的功名吗？那功名离我近吗？远吗？京城的路还有多长呢？我又是那么的迷茫。在这样的黄昏中，在这样的古道上。又是这样萧瑟的季节。我是继续去追求功名呢？还是会去服侍那年老的双亲呢？我自己也不能回答自己。只好满怀愁绪徘徊在漫漫得古道上了……。”如此萧瑟的景色让人满目凄凉，又加上安详，温馨的小桥、流水、人家做反衬，使愁情更为深切，悲伤更为凄沥。写景之妙尽妙于此也！
再看他用字：“枯，老，昏，古，瘦，下一字便觉愁重十分，成一句已经不能自己。至于成篇可让人泣不成声也。最绝处在马之前下一‘瘦’字，妙在欲写人之瘦而偏不写人，由写马之瘦而衬出其人之瘦，其人之清贫。路途跋涉之艰辛。求功名之困苦。让人读之而倍感其苦，咏之而更感其心。读此曲而不泪下者不明其意也。
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马致远《
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天净沙·秋思》
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王绩《
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野望》
马致远简介
唐代·马致远的简介
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马致远（1250年-1321年），字千里，号东篱（一说字致远，晚号“东篱”），汉族，大都（今北京）人，另一说（马致远是河北省东光县马祠堂村人，号东篱，以示效陶渊明之志）。他的年辈晚于关汉卿、白朴等人，生年当在至元（始于1264）之前，卒年当在至治改元到泰定元年（1321—1324）之间，与关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴并称“元曲四大家”，是我国元代时著名大戏剧家、散曲家。
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