答谢中书书
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南北朝]：陶弘景
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山川之美，古来共谈。高峰入云，清流见底。两岸石壁，五色交辉。青林翠竹，四时俱备。晓雾将歇，猿鸟乱鸣；夕日欲颓，沉鳞竞跃。实是欲界之仙都。自康乐以来，未复有能与其奇者。
答谢中书书译文及注释
译文
山川景色的美丽，自古以来就是文人雅士共同谈赏的。巍峨的山峰耸入云端，明净的溪流清澈见底。两岸的石壁色彩斑斓，交相辉映。苍青的密林和碧绿的竹子，一年四季常青葱翠。清晨的薄雾将要消散的时候，传来猿、鸟此起彼伏的鸣叫声；夕阳快要落山的时候，潜游在水中的鱼儿争相跳出水面。这里实在是人间的仙境啊。自从南朝的谢灵运以来，就再也没有人能够欣赏这种奇丽的景色了。
注释
答：回复。谢中书：即谢微（一说谢徵），字元度，陈郡阳夏（河南太康）人。曾任中书鸿胪（掌朝廷机密文书），所以称之为谢中书。书：即书信，古人的书信又叫“尺牍”或“信札”，是一种应用性文体，多记事陈情。
山川：山河。之：的。
共谈：共同谈赏的。
五色交辉：这里形容石壁色彩斑斓。五色，古代以青黄黑白赤为正色，交辉，指交相辉映。
青林：青葱的树林。翠竹：翠绿的竹子。
四时：四季。俱：都。
歇：消。
乱：此起彼伏。
夕日欲颓：太阳快要落山了。颓，坠落。
沉鳞竞跃：潜游在水中的鱼争相跳出水面。沉鳞，潜游在水中的鱼。竞跃，竞相跳跃。
实：确实，的确。欲界之仙都：即人间仙境。欲界，佛家语，佛教把世界分为欲界，色界、无色界。欲界是没有摆脱世俗的七情六欲的众生所处境界，即指人间。仙都，仙人生活在其中的美好世界。
康乐：指南朝著名山水诗人谢灵运，他继承他祖父的爵位，被封为康乐公。是南朝文学家。
复：又。与（yù）：参与，这里有欣赏领略之意。奇：指山水之奇异。
参考资料：
1、陈振鹏 章培恒 ．古文鉴赏辞典（上） ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1997 ：707-709 ．
2、刘琦 编著 ．历代小品文名篇赏析 ．长春 ：吉林文艺出版社 ，2011 ：125-126 ．
答谢中书书创作背景
《答谢中书书》是陶弘景晚年所作。谢中书（谢微）与陶弘景都卒于公元536年（南朝梁武帝大同二年）。谢微任中书舍人的后限是公元526年（梁普通七年），任中书郎在公元532年（梁中大通四年），都在陶弘景七十岁之后。
参考资料：
1、陈振鹏 章培恒 ．古文鉴赏辞典（上） ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1997 ：707-709 ．
答谢中书书鉴赏
(夕日一作：阳)
《答谢中书书》是作者寄给谢微谈山水之美的一封信笺。
文章以感慨发端：山川之美，古来共谈，有高雅情怀的人才可能品味山川之美，将内心的感受与友人交流，是人生一大乐事。作者正是将谢中书当作能够谈山论水的朋友，同时也期望与古往今来的林泉高士相比肩。
接下来的十句，作者便以清峻的笔触具体描绘了秀美的山川景色。“高峰入云，清流见底”,极力描写山之高，水之净，用笔洗练，寥寥八字，就写出了仰观俯察两种视角，白云高山流水三重风物，境界清新。“两岸石壁，五色交辉。青林翠竹，四时俱备”,又改用平远、高远的视角极目远眺，青翠的竹木与五彩的山石相映衬，呈现出一派绚烂辉煌的气象，在清爽宜人的画卷上平添了万物勃发的生命力。“晓雾将歇，猿鸟乱鸣;夕阳欲颓，沉鳞竞跃”,由静景转入对动景的描写。猿鸟的鸣叫声穿越了清晨即将消散的薄雾，传入耳际；夕阳的余晖中，鱼儿在水中竞相嬉戏。这四句通过朝与夕两个特定时间段的生物的活动，又为画面增添了灵动感，传达了生命气息。这十句作者择取有代表性的景物加以组合，使读者对山川景物产生完整、统一的印象。
统观全文，语言精练。其一字一句，均是文章的重要组成一部分，少一字会断章离义，多一字便画蛇添足。一个景物，仅仅四字，便描绘恰当，津津有味。清清楚楚，明明白白，一个心声一句话，不多也不少。“夕日欲颓”，势在必然。“沉鳞竞跃”，变化突然。分析文章结构，亦不失巧妙，杂而不乱，结合有序。
《答谢中书书》一文，反映了作者娱情山水的清高思想。南北朝是中国历史上最强黑暗的时期，因为各种矛盾非常尖锐，政局极度动荡，因此不少文人往往遁迹山林，旨图从自然美中去寻求精神上的慰藉和解脱，因而他们常在书信中描述山水，来表明自己之所好，并从而作为对友人的问候和安慰，这类作品虽然没有表现出多么积极进步的政治观点，但是却以其高超的艺术笔触，创作了具有相当高的美学价值的文学精品，至今仍然具有较高的鉴赏意义。
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吴均《
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与朱元思书》
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张养浩《
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山坡羊·潼关怀古》
陶弘景简介
唐代·陶弘景的简介
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陶弘景，南朝梁时丹阳秣陵（今江苏南京）人。著名的医药家、炼丹家、文学家，人称“山中宰相”。作品有《本草经集注》、《集金丹黄白方》、《二牛图》等。
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：
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释崇岳
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无卓锥之地，有无价之宝。元不用安排，拈来用恰好。
没人情，佛亦扫。这般村僧，脱空到老。