陶侃惜谷
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宋代]：司马光
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陶侃尝出游，见人持一把未熟稻，侃问：“用此何为？”人云：“行道所见，聊取之耳。”侃大怒诘曰：“汝既不田，而戏贼人稻！”执而鞭之。是以百姓勤于农植，家给人足。
陶侃惜谷译文及注释
译文
陶侃曾经外出游玩，看到一个人拿着一把没熟的稻穗，陶侃问：“你为什么用这个呢？”那人说：“我走在路上看见的，姑且取来玩玩罢了。”陶侃非常生气地说：“你既然不种田了，还随意戏弄别人的庄稼！”陶侃把那人抓起来用鞭子打。因此老百姓都勤恳地耕地，家家生活宽裕，人人丰衣足食。
注释
尝：曾经。
出：外出。
持：拿着。
何为：即“为何”，疑问代词作宾语，宾语前置。指干什么。
云：说。
聊：姑且。
耳：罢了。
汝：你.
不田：不种田。田：名词作动词，种田。
贼：毁害，毁坏，损害，伤害。
执：抓住。
鞭：名词作动词，抽打。
是以：因此。
勤于农植：即“于农植勤”，对农业肯下苦力。
给：富裕，足，丰足。
足：足够。
聊取之耳：随便取来玩玩罢了。
汝既不田:你既不努力种田。
戏贼人稻：为了游戏破坏农民的庄稼。
陶侃：史称陶侃为荆州刺史，在所辖的长江中游地区，甚至“道不拾遗”。这显然与他的爱惜民力，重视生产有关。
(出：外出
持而鞭之 ，而：表转折。
陶侃惜谷鉴赏
这个故事体现了陶侃爱民如子，珍惜粮食，珍惜劳动成果，正直、重视农耕，爱护农业生产，保护农民利益的品质。
节俭是中华名族的优良传统。珍惜劳动果实，则是农民辛勤劳动的尊重。陶侃用他的实际行动传承了这一美德，并因此换来了一方百姓的丰衣足食。作为青少年，我们更应该珍惜今天的幸福生活，更应该珍惜粮食。
作者对陶侃态度是赞扬，表现了陶侃爱民如子，珍惜粮食，珍惜劳动成果，正直的特点。
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王辟之《
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于令仪诲人》
司马光简介
唐代·司马光的简介
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司马光（1019年11月17日－1086年），字君实，号迂叟，陕州夏县（今山西夏县）涑水乡人，《宋史》，《辞海》等明确记载，世称涑水先生。生于河南省信阳市光山县。北宋史学家、文学家。历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四朝，卒赠太师、温国公，谥文正，主持编纂了中国历史上第一部编年体通史《资治通鉴》，为人温良谦恭、刚正不阿，其人格堪称儒学教化下的典范，历来受人景仰。生平著作甚多，主要有史学巨著《资治通鉴》、《温国文正司马公文集》、《稽古录》、《涑水记闻》、《潜虚》等。
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