赠花卿
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唐代]：杜甫
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锦城丝管日纷纷，半入江风半入云。
赠花卿译文及注释
译文
锦官城里的音乐声轻柔悠扬，一半随着江风飘去，一半飘入了云端。
这样的乐曲只应该天上有，人间里哪能听见几回？
注释
花卿：成都尹崔光远的部将花敬定。
锦城：即锦官城，此指成都
丝管：弦乐器和管乐器，这里泛指音乐。
纷纷：形容乐曲的轻柔悠扬。
天上：双关语，虚指天宫，实指皇宫。
几回闻：本意是听到几回。文中的意思是说人间很少听到。
赠花卿创作背景
此诗约作于唐肃宗上元二年（761年）。花敬定曾因平叛立过功，居功自傲，骄恣不法，放纵士卒大掠东蜀；又目无朝廷，僭用天子音乐。杜甫赠此诗予以委婉的讽刺。
参考资料：
1、崔闽 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：531-532
赠花卿鉴赏
这首绝句，字面上明白如话，但对它的主旨，历来注家颇多异议。有人认为它只是赞美乐曲，并无弦外之音；有人则认为它表面上看是在赞美乐曲，实际上却含讽刺，劝诫的意味。
说是语含讽刺，耐人寻味的是，作者并没有对花卿明言指摘，而是采取了一语双关的巧妙手法。字面上看，这俨然是一首十分出色的乐曲赞美诗。“锦城丝管日纷纷”，锦城，即成都；丝管，指弦乐器和管乐器；纷纷，本意是既多而乱的样子，通常是用来形容那些看得见、摸得着的具体事物的，这里却用来比状看不见、摸不着的抽象的乐曲，这就从人的听觉和视觉的通感上，化无形为有形，极其准确、形象地描绘出弦管那种轻悠、柔靡，杂错而又和谐的音乐效果。“半入江风半入云”也是采用同样的写法：那悠扬动听的乐曲，从花卿家的宴席上飞出，随风荡漾在锦江上，冉冉飘入蓝天白云间。这两句诗，使读者真切地感受到了乐曲的那种“行云流水”般的美妙。两个“半”字空灵活脱，给全诗增添了不少的情趣。
乐曲如此之美，作者禁不住慨叹说：“此曲只应天上有，人间能得几回闻。”天上的仙乐，人间当然难得一闻，难得闻而竟闻，愈见其妙得出奇了。
全诗四句，前两句对乐曲作具体形象的描绘，是实写；后两句以天上的仙乐相夸，是遐想。因实而虚，虚实相生，将乐曲的美妙赞誉到了极度。
然而这仅仅是字面上的意思，其弦外之音是意味深长的。这可以从“天上”和“人间”两词看出端倪。“天上”，实际上指天子所居皇宫；“人间”，指皇宫之外。这是封建社会极常用的双关语。说乐曲属于“天上”，且加“只应”一词限定，既然是“只应天上有”，那么，“人间”当然就不应“得闻”。不应“得闻”而竟然“得闻”，不仅“几回闻”，而且“日纷纷”，于是，作者的讽刺之旨就从这种矛盾的对立中，既含蓄婉转又确切有力地显现出来了。
宋人张天觉曾论诗文的讽刺说：“讽刺则不可怒张，怒张则筋骨露矣。”（《诗人玉屑》卷九引）杜甫这首诗柔中有刚，绵里藏针，寓讽于谀，意在言外，忠言而不逆耳，作得恰到好处。
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白朴《
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杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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