庆东原·忘忧草
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元代]：白朴
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忘忧草，含笑花，劝君闻早冠宜挂。那里也能言陆贾？那里也良谋子牙？那里也豪气张华？千古是非心，一夕渔樵话。
庆东原·忘忧草译文及注释
译文
看看忘忧草，想想含笑花，劝你忘却忧愁，趁早离开官场。能言善辩的陆贾哪里去了？足智多谋的姜子牙哪里去了？文韬武略的张华哪里去了？千古万代的是非曲直，都成了渔人樵夫们一夜闲话的资料。
注释
双调：宫调名，十二宫调之一。庆东原：双调曲牌，又名“庆东园”“郓城春”。定格句式为三三七、四四四、三三，八句六韵。首两句及末两句一般要求对仗，中间三个四字句宜作鼎足对。常用以抒发豪放感情。
忘忧草：即萱草，俗名金针菜，花可食，食后如酒醉，故有忘忧之名。
含笑花：属木兰科，花如兰，“开时常不满，若含笑焉”，故名。
闻早：趁早。冠宜挂：“宜挂冠”的倒装，即宜辞官。
那里也：犹言哪里去了，如今安在。能言陆贾：陆贾是汉高祖谋臣，以能言善辩知名。
良谋子牙：姜太公姜子牙，曾辅佐周文王，又帮助周武王谋划伐纣灭殷，故称良谋子牙。
豪气张华：张华字茂先，西晋文学家。曾劝谏晋武帝伐吴，灭吴后持节都督幽州诸军事，虽为文人而有武略，故称豪气张华。
渔樵话：渔人樵夫所说的闲话。
参考资料：
1、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：64
2、李雁 吴冰沁．元散曲经典品读．北京：蓝天出版社，2015：29-31
3、王星琦．元曲三百首注评．南京：凤凰出版社，2015：18-19
庆东原·忘忧草创作背景
《庆东原·忘忧草》系叹世之作。叹世是中国古代文人长写不疲的题目。尤其是南宋词，许多篇章包容有山川之叹、家国之叹、身世之叹。元曲家继承了这一题目。但元代知识分子的叹世，自有与其前辈十分不同的特点。这首小令正是这方面的代表作。
此曲作者白朴一生坎坷，在他年幼的时候，便遭受到了战争的祸害。后来长大成人，对侵略者的残暴行为一直不能释怀，后又遭妻离子散，这都造成了他一生不愿做官的事实。他虽一直以归隐自居，但无法对残酷现实熟视无睹。但对于当时的作者而言，归隐田园可以放浪形骸，可以与世无争。这篇散曲也就是作者在这种心境下创作的。
参考资料：
1、蒋星煜 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：177-178
2、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：64
庆东原·忘忧草鉴赏
这是一支劝勉友人出世的曲子。全曲以两种植物起兴，劝人忘却忧愁，常含笑口。作者因为要把“忘忧”和“含笑”当成一种境界，这种境界只有在摆脱了名利之后才能达到，所以才写忘忧草、含笑花，以表示不为忧愁所扰，含笑人生的情怀，而用别的花、草不能配合词曲的主旨。而要从根本上摆脱人生的烦恼，宜及早挂冠，即辞官。作者在这里间着一个“宜”字，意谓抛弃功名、脱离官场宜早不宜迟。
接着，曲子以一个鼎足对，用排比的修辞手法，提及三个历史人物：善辩的陆贾、多谋的子牙、充满豪气的张华。这是为了表明人才无用武之地，不如早日归隐。按“庆东原”调式四五六句都是四字句，故一连排比三次的“那里也”是衬字。这三处衬字极为有用，它们拉长了叹息的语调，加重了叹息的语气，大有“言之不足则嗟叹之”的意味。
在对天连连发问长叹之后，曲子以“千古是非心，一夕渔樵话”作结。千古之是非曲直，都成了渔父樵夫们一夜闲话的资料。白朴这里继承了唐宋词中常用渔樵闲话来感慨兴亡这一做法，同时也回答了前文“那里也”的三个自问：若一定要追踪的话，可以发现，陆贾、子牙、张华们并非荡然无存，他们还“活”在渔樵们的饭后谈资之中。这就是那些历史人物仅存的价值。其言外之意是他们本无甚价值可言，他们的辨别是非之心、经世济民之业只不过给后人添了点茶余饭后的谈资罢了。
这首曲子的表达方式主要是议论，作者把许多的历史人物拿出来作为论点的佐证，用这些论据论证了自己在词曲中的观点。这种多处用典的方式增加了作者劝勉友人辞官的说服力，同时也悠然闲适的人生志趣表现得活灵活现，语淡而味浓，此曲的一种超脱旷达的心境也随之跃然纸上。
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曾瑞《
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四块玉·警世》
白朴简介
唐代·白朴的简介
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白朴（1226—约1306） 原名恒，字仁甫，后改名朴，字太素，号兰谷。汉族，祖籍隩州（今山西河曲附近），后徙居真定（今河北正定县），晚岁寓居金陵（今南京市），终身未仕。他是元代著名的文学家、曲作家、杂剧家，与关汉卿、马致远、郑光祖合称为元曲四大家。代表作主要有《唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨》、《裴少俊墙头马上》、《董月英花月东墙记》等。
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