示秬秸
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宋代]：张耒
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城头月落霜如雪，楼头五更声欲绝。
捧盘出户歌一声，市楼东西人未行。
北风吹衣射我饼，不忧衣单忧饼冷。
业无高卑志当坚，男儿有求安得闲。
示秬秸译文及注释
译文
月亮从城头落下去，早晨的霜厚得像雪一样；更鼓从楼上响起来，声音冷涩得仿佛要断绝。捧着装饼的盘子，走出家门，拖着长声叫卖。这时候，街市上从东到西，一个人还没有呢！
寒冷的北风吹来，像箭一样射在饼上。我担心的不是自己衣服穿得少，而是我的饼会冷掉！孩子们啊，人们从事的职业并无高低贵贱，但意志都必须坚强。男子汉要自食其力，哪能做游手好闲的懒汉呢！
注释
秬秸：张耒的两个儿子张秬、张秸
示秬秸鉴赏
这首诗的题目很长，原文是：“北邻卖饼儿，每五鼓未旦即绕街呼卖，虽大寒烈风不废，而时略不少差也。因为作诗，且有所警，示秬（读‘巨’）秸（读‘街’。）”这实际上是本诗写作动机的一个详细说明。最后一句的意思就是写给他的两个儿子“秬”和“秸”看，所以我们就用这三个字作题目。“北风吹衣射我饼，不忧衣单忧饼冷”这两句，显然是在学习白居易的“可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒”（《卖炭翁》）。但是，请大家仔细比较一下，就知道张诗在使用文字比不上白居易：一、张诗又是“吹”，又是“射”，何其累赘！二、两个“衣”字，两个“饼”字，两个“忧”字，字重意拙。三、读起来也不顺口。四、而白诗格律整齐押韵，读起来顺口。五、“可怜”二字，突出了诗人对卖炭翁的无限同情。六、“衣单”、“心忧”、“炭贱”、“天寒”，全是主谓结构的词组，读起来突出后一个字，非常具体地写出了卖炭翁的心理，表明了四者之间的逻辑关系。老人不仅不忧自己的衣单，而且希望天气更冷，这就显得更加悲惨了。
钱钟书先生说：“在“苏门四学士”中，张耒的诗作最富有关怀人民的内容。这首诗就是一个很好的例证。北邻卖饼儿五更天就“绕街呼卖，虽大寒烈风不废”。此诗以深切的同情，晓畅如话的诗句，生动地描述了卖饼儿的情状。如果说“不忧衣单忧拼冷”是从白居易《卖炭翁）“心忧炭贱愿天寒”一句化出；结句的勉励之辞“业无高卑志当坚，男儿有求安得闲”，则给全诗注入一般积极向上的清风。北邻卖饼儿每五更未旦即绕街呼卖，虽大寒烈风不废，而时不少差，因为作诗，且有所警示。
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韩愈《
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谏迎佛骨表》
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杨果《
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老牛叹》
张耒简介
唐代·张耒的简介
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北宋文学家，擅长诗词，为苏门四学士之一。《全宋词》《全宋诗》中有他的多篇作品。早年游学于陈，学官苏辙重爱，从学于苏轼，苏轼说他的文章类似苏辙，汪洋澹泊。其诗学白居易、张籍，如：《田家》《海州道中》《输麦行》多反映下层人民的生活以及自己的生活感受，风格平易晓畅。著作有《柯山集》五十卷、《拾遗》十二卷、《续拾遗》一卷。《宋史》卷四四四有传。
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人家具庆已燕喜，人家重庆更奇伟。
宜春台上贤治中，妙龄斫桂广寒宫。
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破布衫巾破布裙，逢人便说会烧银。
君何不烧自家用，何必苦心送给人。
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男儿独立天地间，太华绝尖一何陗。
子房不肯下萧曹，伯夷本自轻周召。
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清代：
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衰草重冈，雁灯吹灭诸陵火。谁家菊朵，开近扶风左。
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