冬夜读书示子聿
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宋代]：陆游
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冬夜读书示子聿译文及注释
译文
古人做学问是不遗余力的，往往要到老年才取得成就。
从书本上得来的知识，毕竟是不够完善的。如果想要深入理解其中的道理，必须要亲自实践才行。
注释
示：训示、指示。子聿(yù)：陆游的小儿子。
学问：指读书学习，就是学习的意思。遗：保留，存留。无遗力：用出全部力量，没有一点保留，不遗余力、竭尽全力。
少壮：青少年时代。工夫：做事所耗费的时间。始：才。
纸：书本。终：到底，毕竟。觉：觉得。浅：肤浅，浅薄，有限的。
绝知：深入、透彻的理解。行：实践。躬行：亲身实践。
参考资料：
1、沈兰等 ．古汉语常用字词典：长春出版社，2010年 ：36.79.156.228.278.456.689.756
2、傅绍良 ．陆游诗歌的艺术 ：四川大学，2009年：32-36
冬夜读书示子聿创作背景
宋宁宗五年，诗人在冬日寒冷的夜晚，沉醉于书房，乐此不疲地啃读诗书。窗外，北风呼啸，冷气逼人，诗人在静寂的夜里，抑制不住心头奔腾踊跃的情感，写下了这首哲理诗并满怀深情地送给了儿子子聿。
参考资料：
1、傅绍良 ．陆游诗歌的艺术 ：四川大学，2009年：32-36
冬夜读书示子聿鉴赏
首联诗人赞扬了古人刻苦做学问精神。颔联是说做学问的艰难。诗的前两句，赞扬了古人刻苦学习的精神以及做学问的艰难。说明只有少年时养成良好的学习习惯，竭尽全力地打好扎实基础，将来才能成就一番事业。诗人从古人做学问入手娓娓道来，其中“无遗力”三个字，形容古人做学问勤奋用功、孜孜不倦的程度，既生动又形象。诗人语重心长地告诫儿子，趁着年少精力旺盛，抓住美好时光奋力拼搏，莫让青春年华付诸东流。
后两联，强调了做学问的功夫要下在哪里的重要性。孜孜不倦、持之以恒地做学知识，固然很重要，但仅此还不够，因为那只是书本知识，书本知识是前人实践经验的总结，不能纸上谈兵，要“亲身躬行”。一个既有书本知识，又有实践经验的人，才是真正有学问的人。书本知识是前人实践经验的总结，能否符合此时此地的情况，还有待实践去检验。只有经过亲身实践，才能把书本上的知识变成自己的实际本领。诗人从书本知识和社会实践的关系着笔，强调实践的重要性，凸显其真知灼见。“要躬行”包含两层意思：一是学习过程中要“躬行”，力求做到“口到、手到、心到”，二是获取知识后还要“躬行”，通过亲身实践化为己有，转为己用。诗人的意图非常明显，旨在激励儿子不要片面满足于书本知识，而应在实践中夯实和进一步获得升华。
这是一首教子诗，诗人在书本与实践的关系上强调了实践的重要性。间接经验是人们从书本中汲取营养，学习前人的知识和技巧的途径。直接经验是直接从实践中产生的认识，是获取知识更加重要的途径。只有通过“躬行”，把书本知识变成实际知识，才能发挥所学知识对实践的指导作用。本诗通过写陆游对儿子子聿的教育，告诉读者做学问要有孜孜不倦、持之以恒的精神。一个既有书本知识，又有实践精神的人，才是真正有学问的人。
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陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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