念奴娇·石头城
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清代]：郑燮
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悬岩千尺，借欧刀吴斧，削成城郭。千里金城回不尽，万里洪涛喷薄。王浚楼船，旌麾直指，风利何曾泊。船头列炬，等闲烧断铁索。
而今春去秋来，一江烟雨，万点征鸿掠。叫尽六朝兴废事，叫断孝陵殿阁。山色苍凉，江流悍急，潮打空城脚。数声渔笛，芦花风起作作。
念奴娇·石头城译文及注释
译文
在千尺的悬岩上，被鬼斧神工似的削成了城郭。千里长的石头城迂回不尽，在万里长江的洪涛中喷薄而出。当年王浚的战船旗帜飞舞，直指南京，利用风而没有停泊，在船头点燃了火炬，轻易烧断了石头城的铁索。
如今春去秋来，过了很多年，数万南飞的大雁飞过，在它的鸣叫声中，建都在石头城的许多朝代都相继灭亡了。山色苍凉，江水湍急，潮水拍打着空荡荡的石头城。几声渔人的笛声，芦苇花在风中闪闪发光。
注释
念奴娇：词牌名。又名“百字令”、“酹江月”等。
石头城：在今江苏南京市清凉山后，曾是六朝“吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈”的都城。石头城南北全长约3000米。城基遗迹为赫红色，内有大量河光石。此城原为楚威王的金陵邑，筑于楚威王七年(公元前333年)。东汉建安十六年（公元211年）吴国孙权迁此，在原址上重筑，取名石头城。在今清凉山麓，下临长江，形势险要，是历史上著名的军事重地，有“石城虎踞”之称。
悬岩：指南京清凉山。
欧刀吴斧：《后汉书·虞诩传》，“宁卧欧刀，以示远近。”春秋时期名工欧冶子和吴国人所铸造的兵器。 [1]
回：迂回。
喷薄：喷涌激荡。
王浚：西晋大将，两任益州刺史，曾用火攻的方式烧断石头城的铁索，攻破东吴。
楼船：带楼的战船。
旌麾（jīng huī）：帅旗；指挥军队的旗帜。
风利何曾泊：据《晋书·王浚传》，晋帝要浚到秣陵后受王浑调度，船过秣陵，浚指着船帆对王浑的信使说”风利不得泊也“，自管下金陵抢功去了。
“船头”两句：是说，王浚用火烧断东吴拦江的铁锁，使得战船顺利通过。等闲：轻易。
征鸿：南飞的大雁
“叫尽”两句：大雁年年南飞，在它的鸣叫声中，建都在石头城的许多朝代都相继灭亡了。断：废圮。孝陵：明太祖朱元璋的墓。
空城：废置的石头城。
作作：光泽闪烁貌。
参考资料：
1、王锡荣．《名家讲解郑板桥诗文 》：长春出版社，2009年：255页
念奴娇·石头城创作背景
雍正十年（1732年）农历八月初八，词人在南京江南贡院参加了乡试，乡试后游览了南京的名胜古迹，创作了《念奴娇·石头城》。
参考资料：
1、王咏诗．《郑板桥年谱 》：文化艺术出版社，2014年：30页
念奴娇·石头城鉴赏
上片写石头城的险要，“悬岩千尺”一句总领全词，借欧刀吴斧，指借春秋时代著名的工匠欧冶子和吴国铸造的兵器，来筑成江边的这座城郭。“千里金城”言其长；“万里洪涛”状其险，两句勾画，雄形险势，顿显眼前。“王浚楼船”五句，写了一段历史故事，写了西晋王浚用火炬烧断铁索，攻陷石头城终获大胜。可以想见当时战况何等的惨烈，石头城再险，又何能阻挡这强大的攻势。唐代大诗人刘禹锡在《西塞山怀古》一诗中，有“千寻铁索沉江低，一片降帆出石头”之句，也是说的这段故事。
下片抒怀，从石头城说开去，虎踞龙盘，六朝古都，“春去秋来”，历经千古盛衰，只剩下“一江烟雨”，而每年一度秋去春还的阵阵大雁，在石头城的上空，叫尽了六朝兴废的往事，也叫断了明朝开国之君朱元璋明孝陵的殿阁。而苍凉的山色，悍急的江流，拍打着早已废圯的石头城，留给人们一段历史兴衰的往事。
全词通过描写石头城的衰败荒凉，深刻表达了作者对历代王朝兴衰的无奈和感慨。
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汪元亨《
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【正宫】醉太平 警世》
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王维《
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书事》
郑燮简介
唐代·郑燮的简介
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郑板桥（1693—1765）清代官吏、书画家、文学家。名燮，字克柔，汉族，江苏兴化人。一生主要客居扬州，以卖画为生。“扬州八怪”之一。其诗、书、画均旷世独立，，世称“三绝”，擅画兰、竹、石、松、菊等植物，其中画竹已五十余年，成就最为突出。著有《板桥全集》。康熙秀才、雍正举人、乾隆元年进士。中进士后曾历官河南范县、山东潍县知县，有惠政。以请臻饥民忤大吏，乞疾归。
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