兰陵王·恨之极
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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己未八月二十日夜，梦有人以石研屏见饷者。其色如玉，光润可爱。中有一牛，磨角作斗状。云：“湘潭里中有张其姓者，多力善斗，号张难敌。一日，与人搏，偶败，忿赴河而死。居三日，其家人来视之，浮水上，则牛耳。自后并水之山往往有此石，或得之，里中辄不利。”梦中异之，为作诗数百言，大抵皆取古之怨愤变化异物等事，觉而忘其言。后三日，赋词以识其异。
恨之极，恨极销磨不得。苌弘事，人道后来，其血三年化为碧。郑人缓也泣。吾父攻儒助墨。十年梦，沈痛化余，秋柏之间既为实。
相思重相忆。被怨结中肠，潜动精魄。望夫江上岩岩立。嗟一念中变，后期长绝。君看启母愤所激。又俄倾为石。
难敌，最多力。甚一忿沈渊，精气为物。依然困斗牛磨角。便影入山骨，至今雕琢。寻思人间，只合化，梦中蝶。
兰陵王·恨之极译文及注释
译文
怨恨真是到了极点，而怨恨到了极点就无法消散磨灭。苌弘含恨屈死于蜀，人们常说，他的血三年以后化为了碧玉。郑国人缓也曾泣涕相告：我的父亲攻击儒家协助墨家造成了我愤而自杀的后果；十年之后我托梦与他，告诉他我的满腔沉痛之所化，就是我那坟冢上的秋柏早已结出的累累果实。
相思相忆至极亦容易转为怨恨。愁怨结于衷肠，会暗地里牵动精神魂魄，让人哀毁骨立；你可见那长江边上傲然矗立的“望夫岩”比比皆是。可叹还有因一念之差而生出变故以致终身难以挽回的。你看夏启的生母为怨愤所激，顷刻之间便化成了石头。
张难敌，勇敢而力气超群。他一气而沉入深渊，其精气化物之后，依然作磨角斗牛困斗砚池之中；其身影化入山石里，使得山石至今难以雕琢。仔细想来，人生在世，就像庄周梦中化为蝴蝶一样的虚幻。
注释
己未：宋宁宗庆元五年(1199)。
石研屏：石磨屏。
饷：赠。
识（zhì）：记。
销：消灭、消散。
“恨之极”两句：千古以来，恨极之事难以销磨。
“苌弘”三句：《庄子·外物篇》：“苌弘死于蜀，藏其血，三年化而为碧。”
苌（cháng）弘：周之大夫。化碧系传说，极言其怨愤而忠贞精诚。
缓：此指人名。
儒、墨：儒家与墨家学派。
结中肠：阮籍《咏怀诗》容好结中肠。
精气为物：易．繁赫上。精氟属物，游魂属爱。
困斗：《左传宜公十二年》，困段猖同，况圆相乎？
山骨：谓石。韩愈《石鼎联句》：“巧匠靳山骨。”
“难敌”七句：即赋词序中张难敌化石事。
寻思：不断思索
“寻思”三句：是非难论，人生如梦。庄周梦中化蝶事。
参考资料：
1、丁华民，孟玉婷．文豪书系 辛弃疾 第十九卷：,吉林文史出版社，吉林音像出版社，2006.3：第198页
2、吴则虞．辛弃疾词选集：上海古籍出版社，1993年06月第1版：第12页
兰陵王·恨之极创作背景
《兰陵王·恨之极》作于己未年，即公元1199年（宋宁宗庆元五年），当时辛弃疾闲居江西铅山瓢泉，已经遭受排挤多年，处于政治失意时期。所以，就以这年八月二十日夜间梦见的故事为题材，写下了这篇有感而发的记梦词。
参考资料：
1、辛更儒．辛弃疾词选：中华书局，2009.8：第150页
兰陵王·恨之极鉴赏
辛弃疾此词因梦而作。一起“恨之极”两句总摄题旨，以下承以五事：一二叠分咏四事，三叠归到难敌本事，虽人异事异，然皆怨愤变化则同。结韵化蝶，点醒一个“梦”字以自我开解。题序中说作者梦有人送给他一件石研屏，并讲述了一个离奇的故事：湘潭张难敌因搏斗而死，死后化为斗牛石，使里中得之者不利。梦境本来不足为凭，但它却是作者情感思想的某种曲折表现，所以这首词也就通过古来四件因怨愤变化为石的记载(苌弘、郑人缓、望夫妇、启母)参证张难敌的故事。三片之中，上片写两男因恨化石，是父子君臣事；中片写两妇因怨化石，是夫妇事；而下片则写张难敌虽然斗败，但化为石后仍作困斗的形象，赞扬张难敌抵死不屈的斗争精神。文词虽然诡谲诙谐，构思却极巧妙。论其主旨，可以说这首词创造了一个张难敌的不屈形象，借以抒发胸中激愤不平的怨气，用以影射当时的政治斗争。体裁基本上是属于赋体入词，类似一篇散文小赋。
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崔橹《
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华清宫三首·其二》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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