对酒
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宋代]：陆游
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闲愁如飞雪，入酒即消融。
好花如故人，一笑杯自空。
流莺有情亦念我，柳边尽日啼春风。
长安不到十四载，酒徒往往成衰翁。
九环宝带光照地，不如留君双颊红。
对酒译文及注释
译文
闲来的忧愁像飞雪一样，落入酒杯中就自然消融。
美丽的花朵像故人一样，一阵欢笑酒杯就自然而空。
畹啭的黄莺似乎有情地眷恋我，从早到晚鸣叫在柳树边的春风中。
居住长安还不到十四年，嗜酒者常常变成了老翁。
纵然有权贵的宝带光芒照大地，还不如惋留您痛饮个双颊绯红。
注释
闲愁：闲暇的忧愁。
故人：老朋友。
流莺：鸣声婉转的黄莺。
“长安”句：陆游自隆兴元年（1163年）三十九岁时被免去枢密院编修官离开临安，到写此诗时（淳熙三年，即1176年），已历十四年。长安，代指南宋都城临安。
酒徒：嗜酒者。
往往：常常。
衰翁：衰弱的老者。
九环宝带：古时帝王和官僚穿常服时用的腰带，这里指佩带此种“宝带”的权贵。《北史·李德林传》说隋文帝以李德林、于翼、高颎等修律令有功，赐他们九环带，《唐书·舆服志》则记载不但隋代贵臣多用九环带，连唐太宗也用过。
光照地：兼用唐敬宗时臣下进贡夜明犀，制为宝带，“光照百步”的典故。
双颊红：饮酒至醉，双脸发红。
参考资料：
1、刘扬忠注评．《陆游诗词选评》：三秦出版社，2008.2：第65-66页
2、李独醉著．《饮酒古诗文选译》：贵州人民出版社，1993.10：第144页
对酒创作背景
淳熙三年（1176）春，陆游任四川制置使范成大幕僚时，与友开怀痛饮，因酒醉而赋此诗（《对酒》）。
参考资料：
1、海荣主编．《中国社会生活文库 中国酒事大典》：华夏出版社，2002年01月第1版：第226页
2、张海鸥编著．《宋名家诗导读》：广东人民出版社，2001年05月第1版：第256页
对酒鉴赏
诗开头四句为第一层，写饮酒的作用和兴致，是“对酒”的经验和感受。这一层以善于运用比喻取胜。“酒能消愁”是诗人们不知道说过多少遍的话了，陆游却借助于“飞雪”进入热酒即被消融作为比喻，便显得新奇。以愁比雪，文不多见；飞雪入酒，事亦少有；通过“雪”把“愁”与“酒”的关系连结起来，便有神思飞来之感。对着“好花”可助饮兴，说来还觉平常，把花比为“故人”，便马上平添助饮之力，因为对着好友容易敞怀畅饮的事，是人们所熟悉的。通过“故人”，又把“好花”与“空杯”的关系连结起来，便更增助饮。这两个比喻的运用，新鲜、贴切而又曲折，表现了诗人有极丰富的想象力和生活经验，有极高的艺术创造才能，使诗篇一开始就有了新奇、突兀而又真切动人的气概。
“流莺”两句为第二层，补足上文，表自然景物使人“对酒”想饮之意，并下层作过渡。“流莺有情”，在“柳边”的“春风”中啼叫，承接上文的“好花”，显示花红柳绿、风暖莺歌的大好春光。春光愈好，即愈动人酒兴，写景是围绕“对酒”这一主题。这一层写景细腻、秀丽，笔调又有变化。
结尾四句为第三层，从人事方面抒写“对酒”想饮之故。第一句写自己的一段经历，慨叹年华飞逝。第二句不怀念首都的权贵，而只怀念失意纵饮的“酒徒”，则诗人眼中人物的轻重可知，这些“酒徒”，当然也包括了一些“故人”。身离首都，“酒徒”、“故人”转眼成为“衰翁”，自然诗人身体的变化也会大体相似，则“衰翁”之叹，又不免包括自己在内。“酒徒”中不无壮志难酬、辜负好身手的人，他们的成为“衰翁”，不止有个人的身体变化之叹，而且包含有朝廷不会用人、浪费人才之叹。这句话外示不关紧要，内涵深刻的悲剧意义。这两句在闲淡中出以深沉的感慨，下面两句就在感慨的基础上发出激昂的抗议之声了。“九环宝带光照地”，写权贵的光辉显耀；接下来一句，就用“不如”饮酒来否定它。用“留君双颊红”写饮酒，色彩绚丽，足以夺“九环宝带”之光，又与“衰翁”照应，法密而辞妍，既富力量，又饶神韵。
全诗抒情明快优雅，节奏自由流畅。起句以愁比雪，构思新颖巧妙，飞雪如酒，好花赏怀，极富于诗意和浪漫色彩。这种名士风流式的行为本身就具有强烈的审美效果，陆游以此入诗，包含着对于“美在生活”这一命题的初步认识，使之更增添无尽的历史文化意蕴。一切闲愁，一切不平与愤懑，都如同轻盈的雪花，飘飞进金樽清酒后，转瞬便化作潺潺甘泉，诗人扬眉舒目，将其一饮而尽，正所谓“古今多少事，都付笑谈中”。室内酒酣气热，室外春风流莺，这种生活态度是多么的旷达，而又富有诗情画意。陆游的醉酒是一种酣畅淋漓的解脱，解脱之后的清醒，清醒之后的超俗。他雄视千古、傲岸王侯的精神气质，不计前嫌、渴望进取的生命意志都在饮酒中得到充分张扬。
陆游写饮酒的诗篇很多，有侧重写因感慨世事而痛饮的，如《饮酒》、《神山歌》、《池上醉歌》等；有侧重因愤激于报国壮志难酬而痛饮的，如《长歌行》、《夏夜大醉醒后有感》、《楼上醉书》等；有想借酒挽回壮志的，如《岁晚书怀》写“梦移乡国近，酒挽壮心回”；而此诗则侧重蔑视权贵而痛饮。开头奇突豪放，中间细致优美，结尾以壮气表沉痛，笔调虽灵活多变，跌宕起伏，但感情基调仍不失豪壮洒脱。
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陶渊明《
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与殷晋安别》
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陶渊明《
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饮酒 十四》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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金鉴才
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野梅如雪缀寒条，梦断孤山月已凋。锦色千重应物累，春愁一点许君消。
贪泉穿石真迷眼，细柳经风竟折腰。不觉只今林下客，青毡自拥话前朝。
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初至襄阳与熊心开总理夜话
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：
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梁朝钟
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虎帐铜壶夜气清，羽林十万静无声。单于冬入残三辅，汉上秋成絷九营。
勿虑卫青终失宠，无劳贾诩更谈兵。吴山楚水年馀别，残角空阶尽月明。