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《韩冬郎即席为诗相送一座尽惊他日余方追吟连宵侍坐裴回久之句有老成之风因成二绝寄酬兼呈畏之员外·其一》原文及意思全解_李商隐作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
首页 > 诗文 > 李商隐的诗 > 韩冬郎即席为诗相送一座尽惊他日余方追吟连宵侍坐裴回久之句有老成之风因成二绝寄酬兼呈畏之员外·其一

韩冬郎即席为诗相送一座尽惊他日余方追吟连宵侍坐裴回久之句有老成之风因成二绝寄酬兼呈畏之员外·其一

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唐代
]:李商隐


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十岁裁诗走马成,冷灰残烛动离情。

桐花万里丹山路,雏凤清于老凤声。

剑栈风樯各苦辛,别时冰雪到时春。

为凭何逊休联句,瘦尽东阳姓沈人。

韩冬郎即席为诗相送一座尽惊他日余方追吟连宵侍坐裴回久之句有老成之风因成二绝寄酬兼呈畏之员外·其一译文及注释

译文

(在昨日)蜡烛点点、滴泪成灰,凄凄满别情的送别宴席上,(您的儿子)十岁的韩偓文思敏捷的就像东晋的袁虎一样,走马之间即成文章;

(不久,您将带您的儿子到果州上任了)在那万里长的丹山路上,桐花盛开,花丛中传来那雏凤的鸣声,一定会比那老凤更为清亮动听(您儿子的才华会比你这只老凤凰的声音还清亮)。

我在靠近剑门栈道的巴蜀之地,你在有风樯的江南,我们俩天各一方。当初分别正值冰天雪地的时候,没想到,现在又到了春暖花开的季节。

如果将韩冬郎的诗才比作何逊,将我自己比作沈东阳的话,为了休联句,我就要像沈某人般瘦尽了。

注释

十岁:公元851年(大中五年),韩偓十岁。

裁诗:作诗。

走马成:言其作诗文思敏捷,走马之间即可成章。《世说新语·文学》:“桓宣武北征,袁虎时从,被责免官。会须露布文,唤袁倚马前令作。手不辍笔,俄得七纸,殊可观。东亭在侧,极叹其才。”李白《与韩荆州书》:“虽日试万言,倚马可待。”

冷灰残烛:当是当时饯别宴席上的情景。

桐花:《诗·大雅·卷阿》:“凤皇鸣矣,于彼高岗。梧桐生矣,于彼朝阳。”。现常用后句,泛指后起之秀将更有作为,不可限量。桐,梧桐,传说凤凰非梧桐不宿。

丹山:《山海经·南山经》:“丹穴之山,丹水出焉,有鸟焉,其状如鸡,五采而文,名曰凤凰。”《史记·货殖传》:“巴蜀寡妇清,其先得丹穴,而擅其利数世。” 现常用后句,泛指后起之秀将更有作为,不可限量。丹山:传说为凤凰产地。

雏凤清于老凤声:此戏谑韩瞻,并赞其子韩偓的诗才。《晋书·陆云传》:“陆云幼时,吴尚书广陵闵鸿见而奇之,曰:‘此儿若非龙驹,当是凤雏。’”又杜甫有“清新庾开府”“庾信文章老更成”诗句,商隐此言“清”“老”,当即此意。在商隐赴梓幕后不久,韩瞻亦出任果州刺史,韩偓必随行,所以这里说丹山路上,有“雏凤”“老凤”之声。"雏凤"指韩冬郎,“老凤”指韩瞻,有长江后浪推前浪的意思。

剑栈:剑阁栈道,此指李商隐在梓州柳仲郢幕府中。

风墙:当指赴蜀途中的一段水程,指韩瞻在江南之地。

各苦辛:兼指水陆行程。

别时冰雪到时春:商隐大中五年冬赴梓,故说“别时冰雪”。大中十年春随柳仲郢还长安,故说“到时春”。

凭:请。此诗“别时冰雪到时春”巧妙联合何逊与范云联句中的“昔去雪如花,今来花似雪”。

姓沈人:沈约曾为东阳太守,其《与徐勉书》中说到自己的老瘦:“百日数旬,革带常应移孔;以手握臂,率计月小半分。”此处以何逊比偓,以沈约自比。

韩冬郎即席为诗相送一座尽惊他日余方追吟连宵侍坐裴回久之句有老成之风因成二绝寄酬兼呈畏之员外·其一创作背景

  唐大中五年(851)秋末,李商隐离京赴梓州(州治在今四川三台)入东川节度使柳仲郢幕府。在送别李商隐晚宴上,时年十岁韩偓即席赋诗,才惊四座。大中十年,李商隐返回长安,重诵韩偓题赠的诗句,回忆往事,写了两首七绝酬答。

韩冬郎即席为诗相送一座尽惊他日余方追吟连宵侍坐裴回久之句有老成之风因成二绝寄酬兼呈畏之员外·其一鉴赏

  其一

  酒宴上的蜡烛烧残了大半,烛芯的灰烬也冷却了。用“冷灰残烛”,说明送别的筵宴已近尾声,阖座的人触动离情。在这种惨淡的气氛中,十岁的冬郎触发了诗思,飞速地挥写成送别的诗章。这就是此篇头两句对当年情景的追述。别宴的情况交代简略,重点突出冬郎题诗,是为了主题的需要。

  记事已毕,转入评赞。为了不使诗句沦于一般的套语,诗人使用了比喻的手法,将冬郎父子比作凤,以“雏凤清于老凤声”表明青出于蓝,抽象的道理从而转化为具体的形象。如此还不够生动。诗人又联想到,传说中凤凰产在丹山,它喜欢栖息的是梧桐树。经过想象的驰骋,便构成这样一幅令人神往的图景:遥远的丹山道上,美丽的桐花覆盖遍野,花丛中不时传来雏凤清脆圆润的鸣声,附和着老凤苍凉的呼叫,显得更为悦耳动人。这是非常富于诗情画意的描绘。看了这幅图画,冬郎的峥嵘年少和俊拔诗才就都跃然纸上了。

  使用鲜活生动的联想和想象,将实事实情转化为虚拟的情境、画面,这可以说是李商隐诗歌婉曲达意的又一种表达形式。一首本来容易写得平凡的寄酬诗,以“雏凤声清”的名句历来传诵不衰,除了诗人对后辈的真切情意外,跟这样的表达形式是分不开的。

  其二

  李商隐自注:“沈东阳约尝谓何逊曰:‘吾每读卿诗,一日三复,终未能到。’余虽无东阳之才,而有东阳之瘦矣。”《南史·何逊传》:“沈约尝谓逊曰:‘吾每读卿诗,一日三复,犹不能已。’”

  李商隐自注在文字上与此语略有出入。凭:请。何逊:南朝梁代著名诗人。《南史·何逊传》:“逊字仲言,八岁能赋诗,弱冠,州举秀才。南乡范云见其对策,大相称赏,因结忘年交。”何逊与范云曾合作写《范广州宅联句》一诗:“洛阳城东西,却作经年别。昔去雪如花,今来花似雪。濛濛夕烟起,奄奄残晖灭。非君爱满堂,宁我安车辙。”此诗的前四句为范云作,后四句为何逊作。东阳:沈约(441—513)字休文,号东阳,吴兴武康(今浙江德清)人,南朝著名的文学家。沈约自幼孤贫,笃志好学,博览群书,历仕宋、齐、梁等三朝,官至尚书令,封建昌县侯。瘦:瘦弱。《南史·沈约传》:“初,约久处端揆,有志台司。论者咸谓为宜,而帝(梁武帝)终不用。乃求外出,又不见许。与徐勉素善,遂以书陈情于勉。言己老病,百日数旬,革带常应移孔(意谓自己年老多病,因瘦弱的缘故,身上的腰带常常要移动孔洞)。”

  在写法上,此诗别开生面。首句中的“各”字,紧扣诗题“兼呈畏之员外”,写与韩瞻天各一方的思念之情。二句顺势而下,将这种思念之情从冬季延续到春天,即通过时间上的延长暗寓思念之长久。三四句回到赞扬韩偓的诗才方面,“瘦尽”二字回应首句中的“苦辛”,以沈约瘦弱之事并写两面,一写才不如韩偓,二写身世之感,暗寓诗人政治上的失意。


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白居易《
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宿紫阁山北村》


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高适《
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咏史》

李商隐简介

唐代·李商隐的简介


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李商隐


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李商隐,字义山,号玉溪(谿)生、樊南生,唐代著名诗人,祖籍河内(今河南省焦作市)沁阳,出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作,骈文文学价值也很高,是晚唐最出色的诗人之一,和杜牧合称“小李杜”,与温庭筠合称为“温李”,因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近,且三人都在家族里排行第十六,故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇,风格秾丽,尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻,优美动人,广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离,难于索解,至有“诗家总爱西昆好,独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中,一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳(今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处)。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。

...〔 ► 李商隐的诗(491篇)

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