恨别
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唐代]：杜甫
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洛城一别四千里，胡骑长驱五六年。
草木变衰行剑外，兵戈阻绝老江边。
闻道河阳近乘胜，司徒急为破幽燕。
恨别译文及注释
译文
我离开洛城之后便四处漂泊，远离它已有四千里之遥，安史之乱叛军长驱直入中原也已经有五六年了。
草木由青变衰，我来到剑阁之外，为兵戈阻断，在江边渐渐老去。
我思念家乡，忆念胞弟，清冷的月夜，思不能寐，忽步忽立。
冷落的白昼，卧看行云，倦极而眠。令人高兴的是听说司徒已攻克河阳，正乘胜追击敌人，急于要拿下幽燕。
注释
这是杜甫上元元年（760）在成都写的一首七言律诗。
洛城：洛阳
指安史之乱的叛军。
剑外：剑阁以南，这里指蜀地。
司徒：指李光弼，他当时任检校司徒。上元元年三月，检校司徒李光弼破安太清于怀州城下。四月，又破史思明于河阳西渚。当时李光弼又急欲直捣叛军老巢幽燕，以打破相持局面。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版.
2、陈国林．高中生必背古诗文：龙门书局出版社，2012年8月.
恨别创作背景
杜杜甫写此诗时，距755年（天宝十四年）十一月安史之乱爆发已五六个年头。在这几年中，叛军铁蹄蹂躏中原各地，生灵涂炭，血流成河，这是杜甫深为忧虑的事。
恨别鉴赏
鉴赏此诗，一要注意炼字的表达效果，二要注意表意的含蓄蕴藉，寓情于形象的描绘和叙述之中。首联中的的“一别”“长驱”颔联中的“衰”“老”等词，一方面表现了叛军的嚣张气焰，一方面也表现了诗人在安史之乱中的无奈、悲凉、飘零憔悴的遭遇。颈联通过“宵立昼眠，忧而反常”的生活细节描写，曲折地表达了思家忆弟的深情。此二句中的“思家”“忆弟”为互文，委婉曲折地表现了怀念亲人的无限情思，突出了题意的“恨别”沈德潜评论此联说：“若说如何思，如何忆，情事易尽。”
首联领起“恨别”，点明思家、忧国的题旨。“四千里”，恨离家之远。“五六年”，伤战乱之久。个人的困苦经历，国家的艰难遭遇，都在这些数量词中体现出来。
颔联两句描述诗人流落蜀中的情况。“草木变衰”，语出宋玉《九辩》中的“萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰”。这里是指草木的盛衰变易，承上句的“五六年”，暗示入蜀已有多年，同时也与下一句的“老”相呼应，暗比诗人自己的飘零憔悴。诗人到成都，多亏亲友帮助，过着比较安定的草堂生活，但思乡恋亲之情是念念不忘的。由于“兵戈阻绝”，他不能重返故土，只好老于锦江之边了。“老江边”的“老”字，悲凉沉郁，寻味不尽。
颈联通过“宵立昼眠，忧而反常”（《杜少陵集详注》）的生活细节描写，曲折地表达了思家忆弟的深情。杜甫有四弟，名为杜颖、杜观、杜丰、杜占，其中杜颖、杜观、杜丰散在各地，只有杜占随杜甫入蜀。此二句中的“思家”、“忆弟”为互文。月夜，思不能寐，忽步忽立。白昼，卧看行云，倦极而眠。杜甫这种坐卧不宁的举动，正委婉曲折地表现了怀念亲人的无限情思，突出了题意的“恨别”。它不是抽象言情，而是用具体生动的形象说话，让读者自己去体会形象中所蕴含的忧伤之情。手法含蓄巧妙，诗味隽永，富有情致。
尾联回应次句，抒写杜甫听到唐军连战皆捷的喜讯，盼望尽快破幽燕、平叛乱的急切心情。760年（上元元年）三月，检校司徒李光弼破安太清于怀州城下；四月，又破史思明于河阳西渚。这就是诗中“乘胜”的史实。当时李光弼又急欲直捣叛军老巢幽燕，以打破相持局面。杜甫盼望国家复兴，他自己亦可还乡，天下可喜可乐之事，没有比这个更好的了。这首诗以充满希望之句作结，感情由悲凉转为欢快，显示了杜甫胸怀的开阔。
这首七律用简朴优美的语言叙事抒情，言近旨远，辞浅情深。杜甫把个人的遭际和国家的命运结合起来写，每一句都蕴蓄着丰富的内涵，饱和着浓郁的诗情，值得读者反复吟味。
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屈原《
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哀郢》
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刘禹锡《
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与歌者何戡》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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