曲江
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唐代]：李商隐
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望断平时翠辇过，空闻子夜鬼悲歌。
金舆不返倾城色，玉殿犹分下苑波。
死忆华亭闻唳鹤，老忧王室泣铜驼。
天荒地变心虽折，若比伤春意未多。
曲江译文及注释
译文
望不见平时帝王的翠辇经过，只能在夜半聆听冤鬼的悲歌。
宫妃金舆不返难见到倾城色，只有曲江的流水被玉殿分波。
临死时才想念在华亭听鹤唳，老臣忧念王室命运悲泣铜驼。
经过天荒地变虽使人心摧折，若比伤春的哀恸此意不算多。
注释
曲江：即曲江池。在今陕西省西安市东南。秦为宜春苑，汉为乐游原，有河水水流曲折，故称。隋文帝以曲名不正，更名芙蓉园。唐复名曲江。开元中更加疏凿，为都人中和、上巳等盛节游赏胜地。《史记·司马相如列传》：“临曲江之隑州兮，望南山之参差。”
望断：向远处望直至看不见。翠辇：饰有翠羽的帝王车驾。
子夜：夜半子时，半夜。又是乐府《吴声歌曲》名。悲歌：悲壮地歌唱。
金舆：帝王乘坐的车轿。倾城色：旧以形容女子极其美丽。此指嫔妃们。
玉殿：宫殿的美称。下苑：本指汉代的宜春下苑。唐时称曲江池。
华亭闻唳鹤：感慨生平，悔入仕途之典。
铜驼：铜铸的骆驼。多置于宫门寝殿之前。
天荒地变：影响巨大而深远的巨变。指国家的沦亡。折：摧折。
伤春：为春天的逝去而悲伤。一作“阳春”。“伤春”一词，在李商隐的诗歌语汇中占有特别重要的地位，曾被他用来概括自己诗歌创作的基本主题，这里特指伤时感乱，为国家的衰颓命运而忧伤。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（下）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：1371
2、陈永正．李商隐诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：52-54
3、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：747-748
曲江创作背景
曲江是唐代长安最大的名胜风景区，安史之乱后荒废。唐文宗颇想恢复升平故事，于大和九年（835）二月派神策军修治曲江。十月，赐百官宴于曲江。甘露之变发生后不久，下令罢修。李商隐这首诗，就作于事变后的第二年春天。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1229-1231
曲江鉴赏
曲江的兴废，和唐王朝的盛衰密切相关。杜甫在《哀江头》中曾借曲江今昔抒写国家残破的伤痛。面对经历了另一场“天荒地变”──甘露之变后荒凉满目的曲江，李商隐心中自不免产生和杜甫类似的感慨。杜甫的《哀江头》，可能对他这首诗的构思有过启发，只是他的感慨已经寓有特定的现实内容，带上了更浓重的悲凉的时代色彩。
一开始就着意渲染曲江的荒凉景象。这里所蕴含的并不是吊古伤今的历史感慨，而是深沉的现实政治感喟。“平时翠辇过”，指的是事变前文宗车驾出游曲江的情景：“子夜鬼悲歌”，则是事变后曲江的景象，这景象，荒凉中显出凄厉，正暗示出刚过去不久的那场“流血千门，僵尸万计”的残酷事变。在诗人的感受中，这场大事变仿佛划分了两个时代：“平时翠辇过”的景象已经成为极望而不可再见的遥远的过去，眼前面对的就是这样一幅黑暗、萧森而带有恐怖气氛的现实图景。“望断”、“空闻”，从正反两个方面暗寓了一场“天荒地变”。
三、四承“望断”句，说先前乘金舆陪同皇帝游赏的美丽宫妃已不再来，只有曲江流水依然在寂静中流向玉殿旁的御沟（曲江与御沟相通）。“不返”、“犹分”的鲜明对照中，显现出一幅荒凉冷寂的曲江图景，蕴含着无限沧桑今昔之感。文宗修缮曲江亭馆，游赏下苑胜景，本想恢复升平故事。甘露事变一起，受制家奴，形同幽囚，翠辇金舆，遂绝迹于曲江。这里，正寓有升平不返的深沉感慨。下两联的“荆棘铜驼”之悲和“伤春”之感都从此生出。
第五句承“空闻”句。这里用西晋陆机“华亭鹤唳”典故，用以暗示甘露事变期间大批朝臣惨遭宦官杀戮的情事，回应次句“鬼悲歌”。第六句承“望断”句与颔联。这里用西晋索靖“泣铜驼”典故，借以抒写对唐王朝国运将倾的忧虑。这两个典故都用得非常精切，不仅使不便明言的情事得到既微而显的表达，而且加强了全诗的悲剧气氛。两句似断实连，隐含着因果联系。
末联是全篇结穴。在诗人看来，“流血千门，僵尸万计”的这场天荒地变──甘露之变尽管令人心摧，但更令人伤痛的却是国家所面临的衰颓没落的命运。痛定思痛之际，诗人没有把目光局限在甘露之变这一事件本身，而是更深入地去思索事件的前因后果，敏锐的觉察到这一历史的链条所显示的历史趋势。这正是此篇思想内容比一般的单纯抒写时事的诗深刻的地方，也是它的风格特别深沉凝重的原因。
这首诗在构思方面有一个显著的特点：既借曲江今昔暗寓时事，又通过对时事的感受抒写“伤春”之情。就全篇来说，“天荒地变”之悲并非主体，“伤春”才是真正的中心。尽管诗中正面写“伤春”的只有两句（六、八两句），但实际上前面的所有描写都直接间接地围绕着这个中心，都透露出一种浓重的“伤春”气氛，所以末句点明题旨，仍显得水到渠成。
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柳宗元《
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唐铙歌鼓吹曲·河右平》
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柳宗元《
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冉溪》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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清代：
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谢道承
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墙角光仍隐，檐牙淡欲流。葛衣凉似水，板屋静于秋。
山鬼吊灯暝，林鸦绕树幽。关河同一照，惆怅此淹留。
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次刘正之芙蓉韵三首 其三
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宋代：
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朱熹
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微吟泽畔几扶筇，自笑摧颓一秃翁。羞见芙蓉好颜色，且凭诗律傲西风。