杜侍御送贡物戏赠
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唐代]：张谓
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铜柱朱崖道路难，伏波横海旧登坛。
越人自贡珊瑚树，汉使何劳獬豸冠。
由来此货称难得，多恐君王不忍看。
杜侍御送贡物戏赠译文及注释
译文
通往铜柱朱崖的道路艰险崎岖，登坛封拜的伏波横海曾效驰驱。
百越的土人自愿进贡珊瑚宝树，汉代的使者何劳又去辨诬洗污。
奔驰山中的驿马担心日已向暮，航行江上的孤舟生怕遇上风雨。
这些珍奇宝物从来都很难得到，只恐贤明的君主顾也不肯一顾。
注释
杜侍御：名不可考。侍御，官名。则所谓“送贡物”是将岭外珍宝专程送往长安。
铜柱朱崖：指南方边远地区。铜柱：汉伏波将军马援曾率兵南征交趾，立铜柱，为汉之极界。按所立铜柱在今广西分茅岭下。朱崖：又称珠崖，汉郡名，即今海南省琼山县一带。
伏波：汉马援曾为伏波将军，韩说曾为横海将军，两人都曾率兵南征。登坛：古代封拜大将，都要筑坛受命，然后出师。
越人：泛指南方人。五岭以南，古为百越之地。珊瑚树：古人以为珍饰之物。
獬豸（xiè zhì）冠：御史所服之冠。獬豸，类似羊的神兽，据说它能辨是非曲直。
难得：指稀世的珍宝。言古代明君屏绝稀奇珍宝，免使臣下逢迎其欲，以图恩宠。
参考资料：
1、羊春秋．唐诗精华评译：岳麓书社，1997年：142页
杜侍御送贡物戏赠创作背景
秦汉至唐时期，随着行政区域的设置和海上道路的开通，岭南与海外及内地的经济贸易往来越来越密切。经贸的繁荣，使地方官员有了膜货的物质基础，也为他们提供了讨好朝廷的条件。作者在任潭州刺史时有感于这种世事便创作了此诗。
参考资料：
1、龚霁芃 龚杏根．唐诗分类鉴赏：江西人民出版社，2003年：150页
杜侍御送贡物戏赠鉴赏
这是一首讽刺地方官员以进贡方物为名，行市恩买宠之实的诗，词微义显，言正行方，全诗可分为两部分。
前四句为第一部分，意思是说，远方贡物，不该强取。首二句由怀古领起。“铜柱”、“朱崖”，暗指杜侍御出使的地点，这个地方正是当年伏波将军（马援）、横海将军（韩说）拜将坛、征讨东越之地。言外之意，历史上的两位战将，为了国家、民族的利益，才到了那里，功彪千载，名垂青史，如今杜侍御为了攫取贡物，取悦皇帝，也到了那里，孰公孰私、孰尊孰卑，两相对照，泾渭分明。若说一二句是侧面讽谏的话，三四句就是从正面进言。意思是说汉唐国力强盛、为其威望所折服，南越人自会心甘情愿向朝廷进献像珊瑚树那样的珍贵礼物，又何必劳驾杜侍御不辞辛劳、万里迢迢前去亲自索要。
后四句为第二部分，写杜侍御冒险而夺取贡物，未必能取悦皇上。五六句承首句，突出“道路难”三字。马精疲力尽，还要爬山涉水，唯恐太阳下山赶不及路程；船，孤帆无伴，还要冲波鼓浪、冒着春寒艰难行驶。两句将杜侍御为逢迎，不惜一切代价的为人及其心理状态刻画得入木三分。七八句，以反言若正的笔法，表面上为粉饰朝廷、为君王开脱，实则寓含更深刻的讽刺。从“多恐”二字里透露了这一消息，可谓起到一箭双雕的作用。
此诗紧扣御史的职责和其卑鄙行为，构成戏剧性的矛盾冲突，增强了艺术的感染力，起到辛辣讽刺的效果。
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王维《
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夷门歌》
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苏轼《
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送参寥师》
张谓简介
唐代·张谓的简介
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张谓（？--777年） 字正言，河内（今河南泌阳县）人，唐代。天宝二年登进士第，乾元中为尚书郎，大历年间潭州刺史，后官至礼部侍郎，三典贡举。其诗辞精意深，讲究格律，诗风清正，多饮宴送别之作。代表作有《早梅》《邵陵作》《送裴侍御归上都》等，其中以《早梅》为最著名，《唐诗三百首》各选本多有辑录。“不知近水花先发，疑是经冬雪未消”，疑白梅作雪，写得很有新意，趣味盎然。诗一卷。
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