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《祁奚请免叔向》原文及意思全解_左丘明作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
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祁奚请免叔向

[
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先秦
]:左丘明


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  栾盈出奔楚。宣子杀羊舌虎,囚叔向。人谓叔向曰:“子离于罪,其为不知乎?”叔向曰:“与其死亡若何?诗曰:‘优哉游哉,聊以卒岁。’知也。”

  乐王鲋见叔向曰:“吾为子请。”叔向弗应,出不拜。其人皆咎叔向。叔向曰:“必祁大夫。”室老闻之曰:“乐王鲋言于君无不行,求赦吾子,吾子不许;祁大夫所不能也,而曰必由之。何也?”叔向曰:“乐王鲋从君者也,何能行?祁大夫外举不弃仇,内举不失亲,其独遗我乎?诗曰:‘有觉德行,四国顺之。’夫子,觉者也。”

  晋侯问叔向之罪于乐王鲋。对曰:“不弃其亲,其有焉。”

  于是祁奚老矣,闻之,乘驲而见宣子,曰:“《诗》曰:‘惠我无疆,子孙保之。’《书》曰:‘圣有谟勋,明征定保。’夫谋而鲜过,惠训不倦者,叔向有焉,社稷之固也。犹将十世宥之,以劝能者。今壹不免其身,以弃社稷,不亦惑乎?鲧殛而禹兴;伊尹放大甲而相之,卒无怨色;管蔡为戮,周公右王。若之何其以虎也弃社稷?子为善,谁敢不勉,多杀何为?”宣子说,与之乘,以言诸公而免之。不见叔向而归,叔向亦不告免焉而朝。

祁奚请免叔向译文及注释

译文

  栾盈逃奔楚国,范宣子杀了(他的同党)羊舌虎,软禁了(羊舌虎的哥哥)叔向。有人对叔向说:“你受这样的罪,未免不够明智吧?”叔向说:“那些死了的和逃跑的,又怎么样呢?《诗经》说:‘难得清闲和逸脱啊,就这样了此一生吧!’这才是明智。”

  乐王鲋见到叔向说:“我去为您求情。”叔向没有理会,乐王鲋离开时,不拜谢。旁人(有史籍载此人就是羊舌赤)都埋怨叔向,叔向说:“只有祁大夫(才能救我)。”管家听到这话就说:“乐王鲋在君主面前说的话,没有不采纳的。请求赦免您,您不理会。(我认为)祁大夫无法办到的事,您却说必须由他。为什么呢?”叔向说:“乐王鲋是顺从君主的人,怎么能行?祁大夫举荐外人不遗弃有仇的人,举荐熟人不遗漏亲人,他难道会遗漏我吗?《诗》说:“有正直的德行,天下人都会顺从’。祁大夫(正是这样)正直的人啊!” 晋侯向乐王鲋问起叔向的罪责,乐王鲋说:“不背弃他的亲人,他有些牵涉吧!”当时祁奚已经告老还乡了,听到这事(叔向被囚禁的事),赶紧坐上驿站的马车来见范宣子。说:“《诗》说:‘给予我恩惠无边(的人),子孙后代永远保存’,《尚书》说:‘圣贤有谋略和功勋,应当明证他的功劳和加以保护。’谋划而少有过失,给人许多教益而不知疲倦,叔向就有这样的能力。(叔向是)国家的柱石,即使他十代的子孙犯了罪也应该宽宥,以此勉励那些有能力的人。如今因为他的弟弟(羊舌虎)犯罪一事而使他不得免罪,,这从而丢弃国家栋梁,这不是糊涂吗?(从前)鲧被诛杀(他的儿子)禹却兴起(被拥立为夏代第一个君主);伊尹起初曾放逐太甲(后来)又辅佐太甲为相,太甲始终没有怨恨伊尹的表示;管叔、蔡叔(因为造反)被杀,周公却辅佐(他们的侄子)成王。您为什么因为羊舌虎的缘故抛弃国家的柱石呢? 您与人为善,谁还敢不竭力为国!多杀人又何必呢?”

  范宣子听了很高兴,便同他一起坐车(去见晋平公)赦免了叔向。祁奚不见叔向就回家。叔向也未向祁奚致谢,径直上朝。

注释

栾盈:晋大夫,因与晋国的加一大夫范鞅不和,谋害范鞅。事败被驱逐,故出奔楚。宣子:即范鞅。羊舌虎:栾盈的同党。叔向:羊舌虎的哥哥。叫羊舌肸(xī)

离:通‘罹’,遭遇。

知:通‘智’。

优游:闲暇而快乐自得的样子。

鲋:读音fǔ。乐王鲋:即东桓子,晋大夫。

祁大夫:即祁奚。

室老:古时卿大夫家中有家臣,室老是家臣之长。

不弃仇:祁奚曾经向晋君推荐过他的仇人解狐。不失亲:祁奚曾经向晋君推荐过的他的儿子祁许。

夫子:那个人,指祁奚。觉者:有正直德行的人。

驲:读音rì,古代驿站的马车。

保:依赖。

谟:读音mó,谋略。

十世:指远代子孙。宥:赦宥。

壹:指因羊舌虎这一件事。

祁奚请免叔向鉴赏

  叔向受弟弟的牵连,突然被捕,但他临危不惧,且有知人之明。祁奚为国家爱惜人才,事成则“不见而归”,根本不希望别人报答。叔向获救,也“不告免而朝”,因为他深知祁奚的品德。相形之下,乐王鲋的虚伪和卑鄙,真是不堪入目。


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邹阳《
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狱中上梁王书》


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左丘明《
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祁奚请免叔向》

左丘明简介

唐代·左丘明的简介


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左丘明


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丘明(姓姜,氏丘,名明),华夏人,生于前502年,死于前422年,享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明,因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官,故在姓前添“左”字,故称左史官丘明先生,世称“左丘明”,后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史,至丘明则约与孔子(前551-479)同时,而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家,著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史,左丘明又与孔子一起“如周,观书于周史”,故熟悉诸国史事,并深刻理解孔子思想。

...〔 ► 左丘明的诗(68篇)

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高林度过含疏雨,远岫飞回落晚阴。不羡梁公为令子,但存忠孝古犹今。


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勤王北望感怀十三首 其七


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唐代

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康有为


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国土同孤注,君王类置棋。金轮篡唐日,叔带乱周时。

弧眼哀褒姒,衣冠孰柬之。人谋虽欲盗,天命岂能违。