庄辛论幸臣
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两汉]：佚名
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“臣闻鄙语曰：‘见兔而顾犬，未为晚也；亡羊而补牢，未为迟也。’臣闻昔汤、武以百里昌，桀、纣以天下亡。今楚国虽小，绝长续短，犹以数千里，岂特百里哉？
“王独不见夫蜻蛉乎？六足四翼，飞翔乎天地之间，俛啄蚊虻而食之，仰承甘露而饮之，自以为无患，与人无争也。不知夫五尺童子，方将调铅胶丝，加己乎四仞之上，而下为蝼蚁食也。
夫蜻蛉其小者也，黄雀因是以。俯噣白粒，仰栖茂树，鼓翅奋翼。自以为无患，与人无争也；不知夫公子王孙，左挟弹，右摄丸，将加己乎十仞之上，以其类为招。昼游乎茂树，夕调乎酸咸，倏忽之间，坠于公子之手。
“夫雀其小者也，黄鹄因是以。游于江海，淹乎大沼，府噣(鱼卷)鲤，仰啮陵衡，奋其六翮，而凌清风，飘摇乎高翔，自以为无患，与人无争也。不知夫射者，方将修其碆卢，治其矰缴，将加己乎百仞之上。被礛磻，引微缴，折清风而抎矣。故昼游乎江河，夕调乎鼎鼐。
“夫黄鹄其小者也，蔡灵侯之事因是以。南游乎高陂，北陵乎巫山，饮茹溪流，食湘波之鱼，左抱幼妾，右拥嬖女，与之驰骋乎高蔡之中，而不以国家为事。不知夫子发方受命乎宣王，系己以朱丝而见之也。
“蔡圣侯之事其小者也，君王之事因是以。左州侯，右夏侯，辇从鄢陵君与寿陵君，饭封禄之粟，而戴方府之金，与之驰骋乎云梦之中，而不以天下国家为事。不知夫穣侯方受命乎秦王，填黾塞之内，而投己乎黾塞之外。”
庄辛论幸臣译文及注释
译文
我听俗语说：“看到兔子后，才想到呼唤猎犬捕捉。也不算太晚。在一些羊逃跑之后，立即去补修羊圈，也还不算太迟”。我过去听说汤王，武王。起初只有一百多里的地方，而能够兴盛起来；桀、纣有了天下，而免不了要灭亡。今楚国的地方虽然小，但是截长补短，一共算起来，还有好几千里，何止一百里呢？
大王您难道没看见蜻蜓么？六只脚，四只翼，在天地之间盘旋飞翔，俯身捉食蚊、虻，仰头承饮甘露，它自己以为没有灾难，与哪个也不相争了。可是没想到那五尺高的小孩子，正要调好黏糖，粘在丝绳上，加在它身上，将它从空中粘下来，给蚂蚁吃了。
蜻蜓的事还是其中的小事啊，黄雀也是这样。向下啄食米粒，向上栖息在树上，展翅奋飞，它自己以为没有灾难，与哪个也不相争了。可是没想到那王孙公子，左手拿着弹弓，右手按上弹丸，拉紧弓弦，要在很高的地方射击它，正把黄雀的颈作为弹射的目标。白天还在树上游玩，晚上被人加上酸醎的作料做成菜肴了。顷刻间就落到了公子手里。方将调饴胶丝
黄雀的遭遇还是其中的小事啊，天鹅也是这样。它在江、海遨游，在大水池边停留休息，低头啄食水中的鰋、鲤，抬头吃菱角和水草，举起它的翅膀，驾着清风，在空中安详高飞，它自己以为没有灾难，与哪个也不相争了。可是没想到那射手正准备他石制的箭头和黑弓，整治他系有生丝线的箭，要在很高很高的地方射击它，它带着锐利的青石做成的箭头，拖着箭上的细丝绳，在清风中翻转了一下身子就掉下来了。因此，白天在江湖中遨游，晚上就放在鼎鼐中烹调了。
天鹅的遭遇还是其中的小事啊，蔡灵侯也是这样。他南游高丘，北登巫山，在茹溪河畔饮马，吃湘江的鲜鱼。他左手抱着年轻的爱妾，右手搂着心爱的美女，和她们一起奔驰在高蔡的路上，而不把国家的安危当作正事。可是没想到子发正从楚王那里接受了攻打蔡国的命令，最后他自己被红绳拴上去见楚王。
蔡灵侯的遭遇还是其中的小事啊，君王也是这样。左边有州侯，右边有夏侯，辇车后面还跟着鄢陵君和寿灵君，吃着由封邑进奉来的粮食，载着四方府库所供纳的金银，和他们一起驾着车子奔驰在云梦的路上，而不把天下国家的安危当作正事，没想到穰侯魏冉正从秦王那里接受了攻打楚国的命令，陈兵在黾塞（河南省平靖关）之内，而把自己驱逐在黾塞（河南省平靖关）之外了。”
注释
（1）该文节选自《战国策·楚策四》。庄辛，楚臣，楚庄王的后代。楚襄王，即楚顷襄王，名横，怀王之子，怀王被骗死在秦国，襄王继位，“淫逸侈靡，不顾国政”，庄辛于是进谏。幸臣：君主宠爱的臣子。
（2）蜻蛉：即蜻蜓。
（3）饴：糖浆，粘汁。
（4）加：加害。仞：八尺，或说七尺。
（5）黄雀因是以：因，犹。是，此。以，通“已”，语助词。因是以：仍然是这样啊。即不以蜻蜓为鉴。
（6）噣：同“啄”。白粒：米。
（7）以其类为招：类，同类。招，招诱，即靶子，自身成为射击的目标。
（8）调乎酸咸：用酸咸调味，指被烹煮。
（9）“倏忽”二句，清王念孙认为是“后人妄加”的。
（10）黄鹄：俗名天鹅。
（11）衡：通“蘅”，水草。
（12）六翮（hé）：翅膀。翮，本指羽毛的茎，代指鸟翼。
（13）碆（bō）卢：石键。即石制箭头。卢：上了黑漆的弓。
（14）矰(zēng)缴（zhuó）：捕鸟的用具。
（15）礛磻：被：遭，受。礛：锋利。磻：同“碆”，石镞。
（16）抎（yǔn）：同“陨”，坠落。
（17）鼎：古代烧煮食物的器具。鼐（nài）：大型的鼎。
（18）蔡灵侯：蔡国的国君，名班公元前53年被楚灵王诱杀。蔡国在今河南省上蔡县。
（19）茹溪：源出巫山，在四川省巫山县以北。
（20）高蔡：上蔡。
（21）子发：楚大夫。
（22）穣侯：魏冉，秦昭王舅父封于穰。
（23）秦王：指秦昭王。
（24）这两句说，秦国将要用重兵进攻黾塞以南，把楚王俘虏送到黾塞以北却秦国去。
（25）黾塞：在今河南信阳县西南平靖关，当时是楚国北部的要塞。所以黾塞之内是指楚国境内，黾塞之外是指秦国。
庄辛论幸臣鉴赏
《战国策·楚策四》记载的这一段史实，讲述的是庄辛见到楚襄王，大胆直言，规劝襄王终日与幸臣为伍，淫逸奢靡，不顾国政，郢都必危。襄王不但不听庄辛的忠言劝告，反而恶语相向，庄辛预料楚国必亡，于是避祸于赵国。秦果然攻克鄢、郢、巫、上蔡、陈之地，襄王流亡藏匿在城阳，楚国几乎遭到亡国之祸。于是，楚王派人招回了庄辛。庄辛以由小而大，由物及人的比喻，层层深入地告诫楚襄王为王的道理。庄辛最终说服了楚襄王。楚襄王封庄辛为成陵君，并用庄辛之计重新收复了淮北之地。
这篇文章的主旨是庄辛以浅显生动、寓含深刻的层层比喻，以及前喻后正的手法，告诫楚襄王不能只图享乐，而应励精图治，"以天下国家为事"，否则必将招致严重后患的道理。
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左丘明《
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蹇叔哭师》
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左丘明《
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吴许越成》
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故人似春色，新岁到山家。一笑坐拈酒，满园行看花。
别来多旧好，老去更天涯。且喜诗情健，同吟对落霞。
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得东山居主人恋家不出因借戴希周渔乡居赋杂兴六首 其二
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宋代：
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许及之
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借得渔乡住，蟾光忽满轮。金波随短棹，银汉有通津。
几度中秋月，今宵自在身。一尊消得醉，眼底欠诗人。
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部斋閒居简周伯明寅长
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明代：
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王廷相
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省垣梧竹抱幽虚，吏散萧然似隐居。风冷池亭犹岸帻，日斜窗几有摊书。
身依明主忻难遇，官佐戎机愧自疏。有美东曹称独步，腐儒何幸接簪裾。