晏子不死君难
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先秦]：左丘明
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崔武子见棠姜而美之，遂取之。庄公通焉。崔子弑之。
晏子立于崔氏之门外。其人曰：“死乎？”曰：“独吾君也乎哉，吾死也？”曰：“行乎？”曰：“吾罪也乎哉，吾亡也？”曰：“归乎？”曰：“君死，安归？君民者，岂以陵民？社稷是主。臣君者，岂为其口实？社稷是养。故君为社稷死，则死之；为社稷亡，则亡之。若为己死，而为己亡，非其私暱，谁敢任之？且人有君而弑之，吾焉得死之？而焉得亡之？将庸何归？”门启而入，枕尸股而哭。兴，三踊而出。人谓崔子：“必杀之。”崔子曰：“民之望也，舍之得民。”
晏子不死君难译文及注释
译文
崔武看见棠家遗孀就喜欢上她，便娶了她。（齐国国王）庄公与她私通。崔武杀了他。
晏子站在崔家的门外。
他家的佣人说：“（你打算）死吗？”
（晏子）说：“（国王）只是我一人的君主吗，我干嘛死啊？”
说：“走（离开齐国）吗？”
（晏子）说：“我有什么罪吗，我为什么要逃亡？”
说：“回家吗？”
（晏子）说：“君主死了回哪呢？君主是民众的君主，难道是凌驾于民众之上的君主？君主的职责要主掌国家。君主的臣子，岂是为了俸禄？臣子的职责要保护国家。因此君主为国家社稷死就该随他死，为国家社稷逃亡就该随他逃亡。如果是为他自己死为他自己逃亡，不是他的私密昵友，谁去担这份责啊？况且他人立了君主却要将他杀死，我怎么能随他去死，随他去逃亡呢？
我将回什么地方啊？”
（崔大夫家的）门打开（晏子）进入，（晏子）将（国王的）尸体放在腿上哭，（哭完后）站起来，一再顿足离去。
别人（还）说崔先生你一定要杀他（晏子）的。崔先生说：“（他）是民众指望啊，放了他得民心。”
注释
崔武子：齐卿，即崔杼。棠姜：棠公的妻子。棠公是齐国棠邑大夫。
取：同“娶”。棠公死，崔杼去吊丧，见棠姜美，就娶了她。
庄公：齐庄公。通：私通。
弑：臣杀君、子杀父为弑。
晏子：即晏婴，字平仲，齐国大夫。历仕灵公、庄公、景公三世。
其人：晏子左右的家臣。
君民者：做君主的人。
实：指俸禄。
昵：亲近。
庸何：即“何”，哪里。
兴：起立。三踊：跳跃了三下，表示哀痛。
望：为人所敬仰。
舍：释放，宽大处理。
晏子不死君难鉴赏
齐庄公为了偷女人而被杀，死得下贱。晏子既不为他而死，也不因他而逃亡；在他看来，无论国君和臣子，都应为国家负责。如果国君失职，臣子就不必为他尽忠。这在当时是很有进步意义的。文章三问三答，答中有反问，最后归结到“社稷”二字，波澜起伏，论旨鲜明。
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刘启《
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景帝令二千石修职诏》
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左丘明《
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郑庄公戒饬守臣》
左丘明简介
唐代·左丘明的简介
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丘明（姓姜，氏丘，名明），华夏人，生于前502年，死于前422年，享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明，因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官，故在姓前添“左”字，故称左史官丘明先生，世称“左丘明”，后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史，至丘明则约与孔子（前551-479）同时，而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家，著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史，左丘明又与孔子一起“如周，观书于周史”，故熟悉诸国史事，并深刻理解孔子思想。
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