曾子易箦
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两汉]：佚名
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曾子寝疾，病。乐正子春坐于床下，曾元、曾申坐于足，童子隅坐而执烛。童子曰：“华而睆，大夫之箦与？”子春曰：“止！”曾子闻之，瞿然曰：“呼！”曰：“华而睆，大夫之箦与？”曾子曰：“然。斯季孙之赐也，我未之能易也。元，起易箦。”曾元曰：“夫子之病革矣，不可以变。幸而至于旦，请敬易之。”曾子曰：“尔之爱我也不如彼。君子之爱人也以德，细人之爱人也以姑息。吾何求哉？吾得正而毙焉斯已矣。”举扶而易之。反席未安而没。
曾子易箦译文及注释
译文
曾子躺在床上，病危。曾子的弟子子春坐在床旁边，曾元、曾申坐在床脚下，童仆坐在角落拿着蜡烛。 童仆说：“华美而光洁，（那是）大夫（才能享用）的竹席啊！”子春说：“住嘴！”曾子听见这话，惊惧地说：“啊！” （童仆又）说：“华美而光洁，（那是）大夫（才能享用）的竹席啊！”曾子说：“是的。那是季孙送的，我没有啊。（曾）元，（扶我）起来换竹席。”曾元说：“您的病非常严重啊，不能移动（您的身体啊）。（如果）幸运地到了早晨， 一定遵从您的意思换了它。”曾子说：“你爱我不如他（童仆）。按照道德标准去爱护人，小人爱人以无原则迁就。我还有什么苛求啊？我能得到（封建礼教的）正道而死去，也就足够了。”(曾元)扶着抬起（他的身体）然后更换竹席，把他送回席子，还没躺好就死了。
注释
曾子：即曾参，孔子弟子。
寝疾：病倒，卧病，此偏向于病倒。寝，睡卧。疾，小病。
乐正子春：曾参的弟子。
曾元、曾申：都是曾子的儿子。
隅：名词作状语，在角落。
华而睆（huǎn）：华美，光滑。
箦（zé）：席子。
瞿然：惊叹的样子。
季孙︰鲁国大夫；曾子受其赐箦，非礼也。
革：通“亟”，指病重。
变：在此指移动
姑息：无原则的宽容
正而毙︰谓合于正礼而殁。
反：同“返”。
没：同：“殁”，死。
曾子易箦鉴赏
文章的宗旨是显而易见的，不是暴露“礼”的崩坏，而是想通过这个故事告诉人们：礼是比生命更重要的东西，曾参是以身护礼的典范。对于今天的读者来讲，以曾参为榜样，那是迂腐至极的。但抛开曾参所守“礼”的内容，他那种严于律己，知错必改的精神，也是令人感动的。“君子爱人以德，细人爱人以姑息”，将“德”的内容以新易旧，仍然是富有生命力的名言。
临终易箦，对于曾子来说，不过是其一生中最微乎其微的生活细节，而这个细节正是回光返照中一道耀眼的闪光。《礼记》的原创者，对于这个细节做了简洁而生动地描绘。虽用字不多，但侍疾的场景具体，人物的情态毕现。尤其是童子童言无忌，口无遮拦;曾参表态坚决，语重心长，都使人有身临其境之感。
曾子在病重之际还坚持要更换与自己身份和地位不符的床席，乃至在更换床席的过程中死去，表现了曾子恪守礼法的坚定信念，更体现儒家礼法至上的观念。这是一个极端的“克己服礼”的事例。
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