文帝议佐百姓诏
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两汉]：刘恒
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间者数年比不登，又有水旱疾疫之灾，朕甚忧之。愚而不明，未达其咎。意者朕之政有所失、而行有过与？乃天道有不顺、地利或不得、人事多失和、鬼神废不享与？何以致此？将百官之奉养或费、无用之事或多与？何其民食之寡乏也？
夫度田非益寡，而计民未加益，以口量地，其于古犹有余，而食之甚不足者，其咎安在？无乃百姓之从事于末、以害农者蕃、为酒醪以靡谷者多、六畜之食焉者众与？细大之义，吾未能得其中。其与丞相、列侯、吏二千石、博土议之，有可以佐百姓者，率意远思，无有所隐。
文帝议佐百姓诏译文及注释
译文
近来连续几年作物欠收，又有水灾旱灾和疾病成灾，我非常担忧啊。我愚而不明，不知道导致（这些）问题的原因。我想，我的政策有过失因而执政有过错吗？是天道有不顺、地利或许没有得到、人事大都失去了和睦、鬼神被遗弃没有祭祀吗？为什么会这样呢？养官的俸禄是不是太多了，没用的事是不是做得太多了？为什么民众的粮食会匮乏呢？
计算（一下）田地没有更少，统计民众人口没有增加，按照人口来算田地，那比古人还有多余啊，但吃的东西非常不足的，它的根源在哪里呢？难道是百姓从事商业损害农业的地方很多，还是做酒浪费的谷子很多，禽畜吃掉的粮食很多吗？大大小小的道理，我没能明白它的主要原因，要与丞相、列侯、吏二千石、博士们讨论这个问题，有可以帮助百姓的办法，用心大胆地广开思路，不要有所隐瞒！
注释
间：近、近来。
比：连续，频繁。
登：作物的成熟和收获。
咎：灾祸、祸根，也可引申为过失。这句是说，不明白它的祸根所在。
度：duó ，量，计算，此处为丈量土地。
末：古有士、农、工、商的顺序，商排最末尾。有轻视商的意思。
蕃：繁多。
醪（láo）：酒。靡（mí）：浪费。
六畜：即马、牛、羊、鸡、犬、豕。
义：道理，意义。
二千石：汉代内自九卿郎将，外至郡守，俸禄为二千石。，即月俸百二十斛，这里是以禄俸为职务的代称。
博士：秦及汉初立博士，掌管古今史事待问及书籍典守。到汉武帝时，设五经博士，置弟子员，此后博士专讲经学传授，与文帝、景帝时的博士制度有区别。
率意：竭尽心意。
文帝议佐百姓诏鉴赏
这篇文章全文共分四段：首段说明忧虑民生的日益困苦。二段从朝廷行正和官吏方面设想民困的原因。三段从民情习俗方面设想民困的原因。末段令丞相、列侯、吏二千石、博士等仔细讨论，不可以隐讳。通篇辞、意委婉，官式文书而如话家常，流露在字裏行间的爱民之心，特别感人。汉文帝刘恒是封建社会中一位比较能体贴民间疾苦的皇帝。
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苏轼《
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上梅直讲书》
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左丘明《
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季札观周乐》
刘恒简介
唐代·刘恒的简介
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汉文帝刘恒（前202年—前157年），汉高祖第四子，母薄姬，汉惠帝之庶弟。前196年刘邦镇压陈豨叛乱后，封刘恒为代王，其为人宽容平和，在政治上保持低调。高祖死后，吕后专权，诸吕掌握了朝廷军政大权。前180年，吕后一死，太尉周勃、丞相陈平等大臣把诸吕一网打尽，迎立代王刘恒入京为帝，是为汉文帝。
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