杂说一·龙说
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唐代]：韩愈
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龙嘘气成云，云固弗灵于龙也。然龙乘是气，茫洋穷乎玄间，薄日月，伏光景，感震电，神变化，水下土，汩陵谷，云亦灵怪矣哉!
云，龙之所能使为灵也；若龙之灵，则非云之所能使为灵也。然龙弗得云，无以神其灵矣。失其所凭依，信不可欤！
异哉！其所凭依，乃其所自为也。《易》曰：“云从龙。”既曰：龙，云从之矣。
杂说一·龙说译文及注释
译文
龙吐出的气形成云，云本来不比龙灵异。但是龙乘着这股云气，可以在茫茫的太空中四处遨游，接近日月，遮蔽它的光芒，震撼起雷电，变化神奇莫测，雨水降落在大地，使得山谷沉沦。这云也是很神奇灵异的呢！
云，是龙的能力使它有灵异的。至于龙的灵异，却不是云的能力使它这样子的。但是龙没有云，就不能显示出它的灵异。失去它所凭借的云，实在是不行的啊。
多么奇妙啊，龙所凭借依靠的，正是它自己造成的云。《周易》说：“云跟随着龙。那么既然叫做龙，就应该有云跟随着它啊！”
注释
龙说：选自《杂说》，为其首篇，题目为编者加。
嘘：喷吐。龙吹气成云是古代的一种传说。
固：本来、当然。
景：通“影”。
神变化：语出《管子·水地篇》“龙生于水，被五色而游，故神。欲小则化为蚕（虫蜀）[说明，此为一个字zh ]，欲大则藏于天下，欲上则凌于云气，欲下则入于深泉，变化无日，上下无时，谓之神。”
水：名词用作动词，下雨。
汩：淹没
云从龙：语出《易·乾·文言》“云从龙，风从虎，圣人作而万物睹。”从：随，跟随。
伏：遮蔽。
无以：没有可以用来。
信：确实、的确。
杂说一·龙说鉴赏
文章以龙喻圣君，以云喻贤臣，借“龙嘘气成云”，然后“乘是气，茫洋穷乎玄间（宇宙间）”的传说，阐明贤臣离不开圣君任用，圣君也离不开贤臣辅佐的道理，可以视为《马说》的姊妹篇。韩愈有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，著有《韩昌黎集》四十卷，《外集》十卷，《师说》等等。
这篇根据典籍和传说写的杂感，用意很明显：作者以龙喻圣君，以云喻贤臣，说明了圣君与贤臣之间的关系，即圣君是要依靠贤臣建功立业，贤臣又要仰仗圣君的识拔才能荷重行远，如此才能相得益彰。
通篇只就龙与云的关系着笔，从一个“灵”字着眼，所无一句点明本旨，可处处扣题。含蓄而又生动形象的写法，使行文委婉曲折，起伏跌宕，读来意味深远。“龙”与“云”相互依存，形象说明了圣君与贤臣相互依存。贤臣固然不可无圣君，而圣君更加不可无贤臣，说明要使国家长治久安，圣君与贤臣缺一不可。
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晁错《
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论贵粟疏》
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苏轼《
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留侯论》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。
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