唐雎说信陵君
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两汉]：佚名
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信陵君杀晋鄙，救邯郸，破秦人，存赵国，赵王自郊迎。
唐雎谓信陵君曰：“臣闻之曰：事有不可知者，有不可不知者；有不可忘者，有不可不忘者。”信陵君曰：“何谓也？”对曰：“人之憎我也，不可不知也；吾憎人也，不可得而知也。人之有德于我也，不可忘也；吾有德于人也，不可不忘也。今君杀晋鄙，救邯郸，破秦人，存赵国，此大德也。今赵王自郊迎，卒然见赵王，愿君之忘之也。”信陵君曰：“无忌谨受教。”
唐雎说信陵君译文及注释
译文
信陵君杀了晋鄙，救下邯郸，打败了秦兵，使赵国得以幸存。赵孝成王亲自到郊外去迎接他。这时，唐雎对信陵君说：“我听说，事情有不可以知道的，有不可以不知道的；有不可以忘掉的，有不可以不忘掉的。”信陵君说：“这话怎样讲呢？”唐雎回答说：“别人憎恨我，不可以知道；我憎恶别人，是不可以让人知道的；别人有恩德于我，是不可以忘记的；我有恩德于别人，是不可以不忘记的。如今，你杀了晋鄙，救下邯郸，打败秦兵，保存了赵国，这对赵国是大恩德。现在，赵王亲自到郊外迎接你。你很快就会见到赵王了，希望你把救赵王的事忘掉吧!”信陵君说：“无忌我敬遵你的教诲。”
注释
唐雎：唐雎（jū）,战国时代魏国著名策士。为人有胆有识，忠于使命，不畏强权，敢于斗争并敢于为国献身。有90岁高龄西说强秦使秦不敢加兵的魏国。曾经在魏国灭亡后出使秦国，冒死与秦王抗争，粉碎秦王吞并安陵（魏国属国）的阴谋。
说：游说之意。
信陵君杀晋鄙：指信陵君杀了晋鄙，救下邯郸，打败了秦兵，保存了赵国之事。
破：打败，打垮。
存：存在，存活。这里是使......幸存。
憎：憎恨，讨厌，厌烦等不好的方面。
德：恩惠。这里指别人对自己好的的方面。
卒然：“卒”通“猝”，突然。
谨:郑重。
受教：接受教诲。
唐雎说信陵君创作背景
我国战国时代，诸侯逐鹿，相与争锋，在政治、经济、军事、外交各个领域，都需要大批人才。此时，“士”便应运而生。“各国统治者便招募这些人，收于门下，被称为“门客”。“门客”在那个时期发挥着异乎寻常的作用，他们可以掌握政策、运用策略，掌管外交和军队。
唐雎说信陵君鉴赏
本文通过唐雎向信陵君的进言，说明一个人做了好事切不可居功自傲、于人有恩德的事不应放在心上的主旨。
文章在表现这一主旨时，不是用直白方法，而是迂回切入。唐雎先从事情有不可知、不可不知，不可忘、不可不忘四种情况说起，再具体为人之憎我、我之憎人，人有德于我、我有德于人而应采取的不可不知、不可得而知，不可忘和不可不忘的四种态度，最后才落实到信陵君救赵一事上，说明这是有德于赵、不可不忘之事。辩证说来，环环相扣，严谨有致；语句反复，却不刻板，回环有味，令人深思。
这篇文章，篇幅至短，而文气则甚宽舒，在简单交代信陵君窃符救赵，赵王郊迎的背景之后，重点写唐雎与信陵君的对话。唐雎先对信陵君说：“事有不可知者，有不可不知者；有不可忘者，有不可不忘者。”这四句话，没头没脑，看似不着边际，不知所云，信陵君也的确不明白，难怪他会问：“何谓也？”于是唐雎不慌不忙，就信陵君的疑问，为他解释这四句话：“人之憎我也，不可不知也；我憎人也，不可得而知也。人之有德于我也，不可忘也；吾有德于人也，不可不忘也。”这四句话可分两层，前二句为上层，后二句为下层，上层为宾，下层为主；在下层中，前句为宾，后句为主，宾主相衬，顿挫有致。“吾有德于人也，不可不忘也”，是唐雎这番话的主旨，于是由泛言“可忘”与“不可忘”，自然而然地引出要规劝的现实的具体的问题：“今君杀晋鄙，救邯郸，破秦人，存赵国，此大德也。今赵王自郊迎，卒然见赵王，愿君之忘之也!”水到渠成，情理自现。对唐雎之谏，信陵君欣然接受。这段对话，前半为虚笔，后半才落实，虚笔作铺垫，实写见真意，虚实结合，宽缓从容，不急不懈，飘逸有致。
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