樵夫
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宋代]：萧德藻
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一担乾柴古渡头，盘缠一日颇优游。
归来涧底磨刀斧，又作全家明日谋。
樵夫译文及注释
译文
挑上了一担干柴到古渡头去卖，换了钱足够一天的开销，便心满意快。
他回到家中又在山涧边磨快刀斧，为筹集明天的生活费用做好准备。
注释
盘缠：本意指路费，这里作开销解。
优游：悠闲。这里是宽裕的意思。
谋：筹划。
樵夫鉴赏
这首绝句写山中樵夫的生活，说他每天砍上一担柴，卖后便够了一天的开销，回到家中，磨快了斧头，准备第二天再去砍柴。诗在表现艺术上有两点值得赞赏：一是诗写的是深山的樵夫，但没有明说，通过“古渡”、“涧底”二词，含隐不露地告诉大家；二是诗写樵夫一天的生活，以“又作全家明日谋”暗逗，说明樵夫天天如此，带有典型性。这样细微的构思，是宋人绝句的长处，也是值得后人借鉴的地方。
诗人写樵夫的生活，究竟是站在什么立场上来写的呢？这点可以根据对诗的不同的理解来推敲解释。如果着眼于末句“又作全家明日谋”，则可如此解说：诗人认为樵夫的生活非常艰苦，每天辛辛苦苦地打了柴，远远地挑到市上去卖，卖了钱只够一天的开销；回到家中，又忙着磨快斧头，为明天的生活考虑。再进一步扩大思维，如果樵夫病了，或者刮风下雪，他的“明日谋”岂不是要落空，家中便要挨饿了。因此，诗人表现的是对樵夫辛勤劳累仍不能保证温饱寄予同情，“颇优游”三字是有意调侃，发泄心中的不平。如果着眼于“盘缠一日颇优游”一句来推论，结果便完全不同了。中国古代诗人对隐居山中、水边的自食其力逍遥容与的樵夫、渔翁一直抱赞赏企羡的态度，认为他们远离扰乱红尘，友麋鹿，伴烟霞，是最令人赏心适意的生活。《西游记》第九回开场时，有一大段渔樵问答，对各自的逍遥自在，大肆夸耀，就很能说明问题。萧德藻正是从此出发，说樵夫隐居深山，远离人间是非；他每天打了柴，行歌古渡，易米市菜，只要够了当天的用费，便不再烦心。回到家中，面对青山绿水，悠闲地磨着斧子。这样的生活，大有“日出而耕，日入而息，帝力于我何有哉”般无忧无虑的心态，也是历来文人始终向往而难以拥有的生活境界。因此，诗人写深山樵夫，正是对他毫无争竞、自得其乐的生活作出歌颂。“诗无达诂”，人们可以根据自己的理解去解诗，只要不离题太远，或带着偏见去钻牛角尖。
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萧德藻《
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樵夫》
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项羽《
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垓下歌》
萧德藻简介
唐代·萧德藻的简介
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萧德藻，南宋诗人。字东夫，自号千岩老人。闽清（今属福建）人。生卒年不详。绍兴二十一年(1151)进士。初任尤川县丞，后为湖北参议，再调湖州乌程令。因爱当地山水之美，遂移家乌程，住县中屏山，其地有千岩之胜，所以自号“千岩老人”，表示归隐不仕。
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