书河上亭壁
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宋代]:寇准
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岸阔樯稀波渺茫,独凭危槛思何长。
书河上亭壁译文及注释
译文
宽阔的黄河,只有不多几条船在航行,眼前是波浪滚滚,一派渺茫。我独自登上河边的亭子,斜靠着栏杆,愁绪像河水,源源不断。
那河边、远处,萧瑟秋风中,有片稀疏的树林,林后是耸立的高山,一半沐浴着西斜的阳光。
注释
这是四首(春、夏、秋、冬)组诗中的第三首。诗前有序,说明此诗是作者被贬谪时写的。
河,黄河。
凭,靠。危,高。
萧萧,风声。
危槛:高高的栏杆。
书河上亭壁创作背景
这首诗作于寇准三十七八岁时,前有小序,说在咸平元年(998年)镇河阳,说明此诗是作者被贬谪时写的。这是四首(春、夏、秋、冬)组诗中的第三首。
参考资料:
1、李梦生 .宋诗三百首全解 .上海 :复旦大学出版社 ,2007年5月1日 : 第9-10页 .
书河上亭壁鉴赏
这是一首写景抒情绝句,题写在黄河边一座亭子的壁上。既然以秋天的景色为主,自然而然也就染上些“愁”色。
第一句从三个方面来描写黄河上的景象,一是“阔”,王湾的“潮平两岸阔”,被诗人浓缩为“岸阔”,江水浩渺,放眼望去,黄河恢宏阔大;二是“渺茫”,因为河阔,一眼望不到边,加上太阳快要下山,自然是“烟波微茫信难求”,看不到对岸;三是“樯稀”,河上没有几条船,虽然看不见“百舸争流”的热闹场面,却使人觉得河似乎更阔了,烟波似乎更渺茫了,河上的烟波又能给人一种什么样的感觉呢?
第二句的“思”字就回答了前面提出的问题,独自靠在亭边的栏杆上,诗人究竟在想些什么?也许想到了“耐可乘流直到天”,也许想到“欲渡黄河冰塞川”,也许想到“黄河落天走东海,万里泻入胸怀间”……性格刚毅的诗人此时也许荡上了一丝忧愁,但面对着“奔流到海不复回”的黄河,岂能“恨到归时方始休”呢?
第四句是这首诗最棒的一句,富有意境,它一下就让人联想起白居易《暮江吟》中的“一道残阳铺水中,半江瑟瑟半江红”来。这一半沐着柔和斜阳的秋山,虽然没有“霜叶红于二月花”的艳丽,却给人以安闲、亲切,也让人陶醉。至于那一半见不到阳光的秋山,诗人却不愿意提起,而心中那一份怅惘,在这壮丽的黄河落日图前又算得了什么?到此嘎然而止,还有多少余味,就让读者自己去品尝。
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刘因《
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山家》
寇准简介
唐代·寇准的简介
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莱国忠愍公寇准(961-1023),字平仲。汉族,华州下邽(今陕西渭南)人。北宋政治家﹑诗人。太平兴国五年进士,授大理评事,知归州巴东、大名府成安县。天禧元年,改山南东道节度使,再起为相(中书侍郎兼吏部尚书、同平章事、景灵宫使)。天圣元年 (1023) 九月,又贬寇准衡州司马,是时寇准病笃,诏至,抱病赴衡州(今衡阳)任,病故于竹榻之上,妻子宋氏奏乞归葬故里。皇佑四年,诏翰林学士孙抃撰神道碑,帝为篆其首曰“旌忠”。寇准善诗能文,七绝尤有韵味,今传《寇忠愍诗集》三卷。
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