寄内
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宋代]：孔平仲
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试说途中景，方知别后心。
行人日暮少，风雪乱山深。
寄内鉴赏
这首诗可能作于诗人赴慧州途中，题为《寄内》，是寄给妻子的诗。他的别后心情，所谓“黯然消魂”者，在这首小诗里有充分而含蓄的表现。
以途中景色，见别后离情，这是古代诗词中最常用的抒情方法，即以实处见虚，则实处皆虚。不说“心情”，而只说沿途风物，风物虽是早已客观存在，而行人此时此地的心头滋味却是其个人所有。其深度如何，其浓度如何，作者均未明言。且别情之浓，别情之乱，若一一说去，将花费太多笔墨，愈说得多，愈不能将此弥漫四野、飘忽惆怅的心情说全、说清，故将虚化实，使实处全虚，则更易感人。李商隐的《夜雨寄北》就是采用这种表现手法。
按一般叙述方法，诗的顺序应为：“说与途中景，方知别后心。”这里将诗句倒转，是作者独具匠心处。第一联为第二联作铺垫，第二联陡转，转折颇险而陡，因奇特而见警策，能于险中求警；若按意思顺序来写，则是平铺直叙，而无跌宕之势。读后只能感到行人于日暮时，说出风雪乱山中的感受，及因这种感受而思念家人的心情，虽流畅而失之浅淡。此则不同，首联没有说“别后心”究竟如何，次联却通过所写的途中景色来表现作者情怀的极苦、极乱。首联在字面上提出了“途中景”，却全无一字说此“景”；提出了“别后心”，却既不作心情的描述，又无形象以表现含义。诗到后面又转回头去接第一句，写“途中景”。如此安排，等于告诉读者景即心，心即景，与其写不易着笔的抽象心情，不如写引起此种情怀的实景，于实景中见到这种极苦、极乱的心情，一如刘长卿的《逢雪宿芙蓉山》：“日暮苍山远，天寒白屋贫。”只着一“贫”字，使下联实写的“柴门闻犬吠，风雪夜归人”变得实处全虚，一片苍茫凄寒之感，弥天而来，一般人用很多言语也说不尽的地方，他只用百十个字就渲染出来了。孔平仲此诗的妙处也在于此。
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刘因《
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山家》
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孔平仲《
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寄内》
孔平仲简介
唐代·孔平仲的简介
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孔平仲 北宋诗人。字义甫，一作毅父。新喻（今江西新余县）人。生卒年不详。治平二年(1065)举进士，曾任秘书丞、集贤校理，又提点江浙铸钱、京西刑狱。
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