山中杂诗
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南北朝]：吴均
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山中杂诗译文及注释
译文
山与天相接的地方缭绕着阵阵云烟，从竹林的缝隙里看洒落下余晖的夕阳。
鸟儿欢快地向房檐上飞去，洁白的云儿竟然从窗户里轻轻地飘了出来。
注释
山际：山边；山与天相接的地方。
烟：指山里面的雾气。
竹中：竹林丛中。
窥（kuī）：从缝隙中看。
檐（yán）：房檐。
这句是说山上的房屋地势很高，所以云从窗户里面穿进穿出。
山中杂诗鉴赏
这首小诗经单纯白描的手法，展现出了一片山村的景象，俨然是一幅绝妙的写生画。用以形成一种特殊的环境，给人以新鲜的感觉，用的就是这种格调。
诗歌描写的是诗人住在山中的有趣生活：山峰环绕，竹木茂盛，鸟在人家的房檐上飞，云彩从窗里飘出来。作者的幽居荡尽了人间的尘滓，随意而传神地表达了诗人惬意闲适的心情。全诗不过短短四句，一句一景，然句句不离“山中”的主题。烟岚弥漫着山谷，在山峰间飘来荡去，这正是幽静深邃的山中所常见的现象。落日西沉，只能在竹林的间隙中窥见其脉脉的斜晖，由此可见竹林的茂密青葱，山间的幽趣在首两句中已曲曲传出。屋檐上的飞鸟来来往往，白云穿窗而过，都说明诗人所居之处地势非常高，而且在茂林修竹之中。
开头两句说，但见阵阵烟雾从山与山的交接处飘来，又见太阳在竹丛后渐渐落下。“来”、“落”两字写出了动态。“见”、“窥”两字用得很恰当：烟来则举目可见；日落则是透过竹子间的空隙所见，所以用“窥”字。“见”和“窥”，都说明在景的背后分明有人，所写之景只是人所见之景，并不是纯客观的描绘。三、四句说，鸟儿向着屋檐上飞翔，白云从窗户里轻轻流出。这两句都使人想到山中屋宇所处地势的高峻。尤其是后一句：云本不可能生于屋内，但因屋宇处于白云缭绕之中，云气从屋后、屋侧飘过，所以看起来就像从窗中飞出。“檐上”和“窗里”就更明白地透出人的存在。而且在写景中已暗示了诗人的山居之乐，他的恬淡超然的心境也于此可见。
诗写得十分精炼。四句写出四个各自独立的画面，如同电影镜头的连接那样，合起来使人感到高而深的山中是那么清幽，甚至冷寂。烟、日、鸟、云都在动，但给人的印象却是无限的静。由这一片寂静，又使人感到诗人心中是那么清静。他没有一点儿杂念，只是静静地观赏着这一切。如果细细吟味，还可感到三、四句隐隐流露出诗人的几分新奇感。高飞的鸟与屋檐齐高，白云由窗间流出，这种景象在平地上见不到，因而使诗人感到有趣。
四句是两副对子。前两句“见”、“窥”的主体是诗人，后两句的主体则是“鸟”和“云”。前两句的节奏是二、一、二，后两旬是二、二、一。这样，全诗虽然篇幅短小，内容单纯，却因旬式的不同而有所变化，以至于不显得单调了。
此诗写作极有章法，动静结合。前两句形成大的环境氛围和背景；后两句点染出具体生动的景物，造成巨细相衬的艺术效果。同时，景物动静结合，构成山居特有的景物环境氛围。诗人又运用景中有人、景中含情、情景交融的手法来观察写出景物，寄托自己的情志于景物环境之中，体现了山居的清静超脱，远离尘嚣，表达了诗人安贫乐道的思想，也表达了诗人对大自然的热爱之情。
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唐代·吴均的简介
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吴均（469年－520年），字叔庠。南朝梁史学家，文学家，时官吴兴主簿。明人辑有《吴朝清集》。
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