观沧海
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两汉]:曹操
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东临碣石,以观沧海。
树木丛生,百草丰茂。
日月之行,若出其中;
幸甚至哉,歌以咏志。
观沧海译文及注释
译文
东行登上高高的碣石山,来观赏苍茫的大海。
海水多么宽阔浩荡,海中山岛罗列,高耸挺立。
周围树木葱茏,花草丰茂。
萧瑟的风声传来,草木动摇,海中翻涌着巨大的海浪。
太阳和月亮升起降落,好像是从这浩瀚的海洋中发出的。
银河里的灿烂群星,也好像是从大海的怀抱里涌现出来的。
我很高兴,就用这首诗歌来表达自己内心的志向。
啊,庆幸得很!就用诗歌来表达内心的志向吧。
注释
临:登上,有游览的意思。
碣(jié)石:山名。碣石山,河北昌黎碣石山。公元207年秋天,曹操征乌桓得胜回师时经过此地。
沧:通“苍”,青绿色。
海:渤海
何:多么
澹澹(dàn dàn):水波摇动的样子。
竦峙(sǒng zhì):耸立。竦 ,通耸,高。
萧瑟:树木被秋风吹的声音。
洪波:汹涌澎湃的波浪
日月:太阳和月亮
若:如同.好像是.
星汉:银河,天河。
幸:庆幸。
甚:极点。
至:非常。
幸甚至哉,歌以咏志:太值得庆幸了!就用诗歌来表达心志吧。(最后两句每章都有,与本诗正文的内容没有的直接关系。)
参考资料:
1、陈国林.高中生必背古诗文:龙门书局出版社,2012年8月:149
观沧海创作背景
曹操这次登碣石山是在北征乌桓得胜回师途中。身为主帅的曹操,登上当年秦皇、汉武也曾登过的碣石,他的心情像沧海一样难以平静。所以就写下此诗,将自己宏伟的抱负、阔大的胸襟融汇到诗歌里,借着大海的形象表现出来。
参考资料:
1、陈国林.龙门书局出版社:龙门书局出版社,2012年8月:150
观沧海鉴赏
曹操这首《观沧海》准确生动地描绘出海洋的形象,单纯而又饱满,丰富而不琐细,好像一幅粗线条的炭笔画一样。尤其可贵的是,这首诗不仅仅反映了海洋的形象,同时也赋予它以性格。句句写景,又是句句抒情。既表现了大海,也表现了诗人自己。诗人不满足于对海洋做形似的摹拟,而是通过形象,力求表现海洋那种孕大含深、动荡不安的性格。海,本来是没有生命的,然而在诗人笔下却具有了性格。这样才更真实、更深刻地反映了大海的面貌。
《观沧海》是借景抒情,把眼前的海上景色和自己的雄心壮志很巧妙地融合在一起。《观沧海》的高潮放在诗的末尾,它的感情非常奔放,思想却很含蓄。不但做到了情景交融,而且做到了情理结合、寓情于景。因为它含蓄,所以更有启发性,更能激发我们的想像,更耐人寻味。过去人们称赞曹操的诗深沉饱满、雄健有力,“如幽燕老将,气韵沉雄”,从这里可以得到印证。全诗的基调为苍凉慷慨的,这也是建安风骨的代表作。
从诗的体裁看,这是一首古体诗;从表达方式看,这是一首四言写景诗。“东临碣石,以观沧海”这两句话点明“观沧海”的位置:诗人登上碣石山顶,居高临海,视野寥廓,大海的壮阔景象尽收眼底。以下十句描写,概由此拓展而来。“观”字起到统领全篇的作用,体现了这首诗意境开阔,气势雄浑的特点。
前四行诗句描写沧海景象,有动有静,如“秋风萧瑟,洪波涌起”与“水何澹澹”写的是动景,“树木丛生,百草丰茂”与“山岛竦峙”写的是静景。
“水何澹澹,山岛竦峙”是望海初得的大致印象,有点像绘画的轮廓。在这水波“澹澹”的海上,最先映入眼帘的是那突兀耸立的山岛,它们点缀在平阔的海面上,使大海显得神奇壮观。这两句写出了大海远景的一般轮廓,下面再层层深入描写。
前二句具体写竦峙的山岛:虽然已到秋风萧瑟,草木摇落的季节,但岛上树木繁茂,百草丰美,给人诗意盎然之感。后二句则是对“水何澹澹”一句的进一层描写:定神细看,在秋风萧瑟中的海面竟是洪波巨澜,汹涌起伏。表现出作者面对萧瑟秋风,仍有着“老骥伏枥,志在千里”的“壮志”胸怀。
运用作者的想象,写出了作者曹操的壮志情怀。前面的描写,将大海的气势和威力凸显在读者面前;在丰富的联想中表现出作者博大的胸怀、开阔的胸襟、宏大的抱负。暗含一种要像大海容纳万物一样把天下纳入自己掌中的胸襟。这是合乐时的套语,与诗的内容无关,也指出这是乐府唱过的。
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曹操《
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观沧海》
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苏轼《
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海棠》
曹操简介
唐代·曹操的简介
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曹操(155年-220年正月庚子),字孟德,一名吉利,小字阿瞒,沛国谯(今安徽亳州)人,汉族。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、书法家。三国中曹魏政权的缔造者,其子曹丕称帝后,追尊为武皇帝,庙号太祖。曹操精兵法,善诗歌,抒发自己的政治抱负,并反映汉末人民的苦难生活,气魄雄伟,慷慨悲凉;散文亦清峻整洁,开启并繁荣了建安文学,给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富,史称建安风骨,鲁迅评价其为“改造文章的祖师”。同时曹操也擅长书法,尤工章草,唐朝张怀瓘在《书断》中评其为“妙品”。
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王迈
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弭节稽山乐事多,旧闻一一入搜罗。
卧薪伯业今何在,乔木家声久不磨。
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点绛唇 寄兴
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明代:
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曹溶
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斜掩红窗,影迷前日桃花路。送春三度,只有人如故。
瘦减腰围,每被征衫诉。归心误,雨声深处,江上扁舟暮。