咏怀八十二首·其一
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魏晋]：阮籍
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夜中不能寐，起坐弹鸣琴。
薄帷鉴明月，清风吹我襟。
咏怀八十二首·其一译文及注释
译文
夜里睡不着觉，起床坐着弹琴。
月光照在薄帷上，清风吹着我的衣襟。
孤鸿（天鹅）在野外哀号，飞翔盘旋着的鸟在北林鸣叫。
这时徘徊会看到些什么呢？不过是独自伤心罢了。
注释
炎光：日光。
湍濑（tuúnlài团赖）：水流沙石之上叫作湍，也叫濑。这句话的实际意思即指大水在沙石的河滩上流着。
扶桑：传说中的神树名，据说太阳每早就从这棵树上升起。说法详见《山海经》、《十洲记》。
长剑句：宋玉《大言赋》：“长剑梗邰伲葩倚天外。”以上二句是用弓挂扶桑，剑倚天外来衬托此篇所写的“雄杰士”的形象高大。
砥砺，磨刀石。二句是说，和“雄杰士”的形象比较起来，泰山小得如同一块磨刀石，黄河窄得象一条带子。《史记·高祖功臣侯者表》：“使河如带，泰山若砺，国以永宁，爱及苗裔。”这里袭用其句。
庄周：战国时期的唯心主义哲学家，道家学派的代表人物之一，主张虚无随化，是没落阶级的代言人。著有《庄子》。
荣枯：本意是开花和枯萎，一般引申为生死、兴衰等含义。
《庄子·列御寇》云：庄子临死时，嘱咐门人们待他死后把他的尸体丢在旷野上，不必埋葬。门人说，怕让乌鸢啄食。庄子说，埋下去叫蝼蚁食，抛在上面叫乌鸢食，为什么要偏待乌鸢呢？以上四句是说，庄子虽然达观，但也不能长生不死；死后抛于旷野，也不能逃避乌鸢的啄食。
雄杰士：阮籍所幻想的能摆脱人世，超然于天地之外的人物。他的《大人先生传》就是描绘的这样一个形象。
功名：这里指道德名声。从此大：指一直响亮地传下去。
咏怀八十二首·其一鉴赏
阮籍五言《咏怀》诗八十二首。这是第一首。阮籍《咏怀》诗（包括四言《咏怀》诗十三首），是他一生诗歌创作的总汇。《晋书·阮籍传》说：“作《咏怀》诗八十余篇，为世所重。”这是指他的五言《咏怀》诗，可见他的五言《咏怀》诗无散失。这八十二首诗是诗人随感随写，最后加以辑录的，皆有感而作，而非一时之作。虽然如此，第一首仍有序诗的作用，所以清人方东树说：“此是八十一首发端，不过总言所以咏怀不能已于言之故。”（《昭昧詹言》卷三）这是有道理的。
阮籍生活在魏、晋之际，他有雄心壮志。《晋书·阮籍传》说：“籍本有济世志，属魏、晋之际，天下多故，名士少有全者，籍由是不与世事，遂酣饮为常。”由于当时政治黑暗，壮志难酬，所以陶醉酒中。其实酒并不能浇愁，他的忧愁和苦闷，终于发而为《咏怀》诗。
这两句出自王粲《七哀三首》（其二）：“独夜不能寐，摄衣起抚琴。”王粲夜不能寐，起而弹琴，是为了抒发自己的忧思。阮籍也是夜不能寐，起而弹琴，也是为了抒发忧思，而他的忧思比王粲深刻得多。王粲的忧思不过是怀乡引起的，阮籍的忧思却是在险恶的政治环境中产生的。南朝宋颜延之说：“阮籍在晋文代，常虑祸患，故发此咏耳。”（《文选》李善注引）李善说：“嗣宗身仕乱朝，常恐罹谤遇祸，因兹发咏。”这是说，阮籍生活在魏晋之际这样一个黑暗时代，忧谗畏祸，所以发出这种“忧生之嗟”。清人何焯认为：“籍之忧思所谓有甚于生者，注家何足以知之。”（《义门读书记》卷四十六）何氏以为阮籍的“忧思”比“忧生之嗟”更为深刻，注家并不了解这一点。一般读者当然更是无法弄清究竟是何种“忧思”。不过，《晋书·阮籍传》说：“（阮籍）时率意独驾，不由径路，车迹所穷，辄恸哭而反。尝登广武、观楚、汉战处，叹曰：‘时无英雄，使竖子成名！’登武牢山，望京邑而叹。”由此或可得其仿佛。史载诗人“善弹琴”，他正是以琴声来排泄心中的苦闷。这里以“不能寐”、“起坐”、“弹鸣琴”着意写诗人的苦闷和忧思。
诗人没有直接点明诗中所抒发的“忧思”，却写道：写清澈如水的月光照在薄薄的帐幔上，写带有几分凉意的清风吹拂在诗人的衣襟上，造成一种凄清的气氛。这似乎是在写自然景色，但是，景中有人。因为在月光下徘徊的是诗人，清风吹拂的是诗人的衣襟。所以，可以说写景正是为了写人。这样写，比直接写人，更富有艺术效果，使人感到含蓄不尽，意味无穷。
“孤鸿号野外，翔鸟鸣北林。”是继续写景。是写孤鸿在野外哀号，而盘旋的飞鸟在北林上悲鸣。如果说，上两句是写诗人的所见，这两句就是写诗人的所闻。所见者清风、明月，所闻者鸿号、鸟鸣，皆以动写静，写出寂静凄清的环境，以映衬诗人孤独苦闷的心情。景中有情，情景交融。但是，《文选六臣注》中，吕延济说：“夜中，喻昏乱。”吕向说：“孤鸿，喻贤臣孤独在外。翔鸟，鸷鸟，以比权臣在近，谓晋文王。”好像诗中景物皆有所指，如此刻意深求，不免有些牵强附会。
在月光下，清风徐来，诗人在徘徊，孤鸿、翔鸟也在空中徘徊，月光朦胧，夜色苍茫，他（它）们见到什么：一片茫茫的黑夜。所以“忧思独伤心”。这表现了诗人的孤独、失望、愁闷和痛苦的心情，也为五言《咏怀八十二首》定下了基调。
阮籍五言《咏怀八十二首》，是千古杰作，对中国古代五言诗的发展做出了贡献。但是刘勰说：“阮旨遥深。”（《文心雕龙·明诗》）钟嵘说：“厥旨渊放，归趣难求。”（《诗品》上）李善说：“文多隐避，百代之下，难以情测。”（《文选》卷二十三）都说明阮籍诗隐晦难解。阮诗隐晦难解的原因，主要是由于多用比兴手法。而这是特定的时代和险恶的政治环境及诗人独特的遭遇造成的。
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阮籍《
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咏怀八十二首·其一》
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张俞《
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蚕妇》
阮籍简介
唐代·阮籍的简介
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阮籍(210～263)，三国魏诗人。字嗣宗。陈留（今属河南）尉氏人。竹林七贤之一，是建安七子之一阮瑀的儿子。曾任步兵校尉，世称阮步兵。崇奉老庄之学，政治上则采谨慎避祸的态度。阮籍是“正始之音”的代表，著有《咏怀》、《大人先生传》等。
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直到他生亦相觅，不能空记树中环。
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臧之狐裘。
败我于狐骀。
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玉乳泉五首 其三
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：
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弘历
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秋气澄石泉，净呈太古镜。不为整衣冠，堪因悦心性。
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至日留安肃署中
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明代：
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韩日缵
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为问朝衣夜向晨，王程留滞动经旬。人间添线怜贫女，天上传餐赐近臣。
预遣荔生能应节，即防柳弱欲偷春。应知晴日无云物，肃望分明见北辰。