院中独坐
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宋代]：虞集
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无端绕屋长松树，尽把风声作雨声。
院中独坐鉴赏
元代人虞集生长于江南，但仕宦生涯又使得他不得不留在北方的大都（今北京）。他在晚年曾屡次请求回到南方，但终不获允许，乡关之思由此而愈加浓烈。此诗正反映他的这种乡愁和苦楚的心理。
“何处它年寄此生”，来自于诗人凄楚的内心深处。他在经历了难熬的宫廷生计，又久羁京师不得南归之后，自然便产生了人生如寄的悲凉念头。人生如寄、人生如梦及人生如戏的思想都源自佛教，反映的是人生的虚幻不真，认为人生不过是暂时寄寓于世界上的空皮囊而已。虞集的发问并非懵懂，而是十分清醒的明知故问，这种人生如寄的观念已深深扎根于他的心上，所以他做官虽然官至翰林院学士、国子祭酒也坚决地要求回归江南的家乡。
“山中江上总关情”，指的是哪怕是隐居山中或是浪迹江湖寄此余生，都不能忘却魂牵梦绕的乡关之情。当然，这“山中江上”也代指江南的青山绿水，在那里有杂花生树，草长莺飞，画舟横笛，酒旗招摇，家乡的一草一木总让诗人牵挂着哩。“总关情”指的是无时不刻都在关注，乡关之思的落脚点总是倾注在江南故土之上。“无端绕屋长松树，尽把风声作雨声”，传达的是诗人那种无法排遣的乡愁。诗人在院中独坐而思、而愁，竟然会埋怨起那绕屋而长的高高松树身上来了。绕屋的松树长而高，表明诗人居京师此屋已多年了，树犹如此，人何以堪，岁月的流逝更加重诗人乡思的凝重。不仅如此，这松树又毫无理由的总是迎风发声，诗人每每听来仿佛又回到了江南的雨声里。“尽把风声作雨声”的不是松，而是诗人的内心错觉，这种错觉恰恰真切地反映出了诗人愁情的深植与难以驱除。诗人不仅对江南的江山景物关情，即使是北方的草木入眼入耳作声都会使他联想到江南的江涛雨声。可见诗人的乡关之思已使他进入痴迷的状态，成了他的心病。“尽把风声作雨声”也是诗人的愤激之语，独坐而思又难解乡愁之时，就连呜咽的松风也被牵连进来，成为诗人的怪罪对象。
诗题为《院中独坐》，含有深刻的孤独和寂寞的意思，他的这种乡关之思实际上是在内心深处所藏的家国意识，故借院中的松树来宣泄心中的不满。大诗人李白有《独坐敬亭山》一诗，是借孤云寄托自己的孤独，虞集《院中独坐》亦从松风中找到寄托的对象，并从风声的倾听中听出江南春雨的消息，其内心的痛楚也超越他个人内心的疆域成为世人可以共鸣的故土家园意识，从而传达出“独坐”的神髓。
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永遇乐·落日熔金》
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徐祯卿《
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在武昌作》
虞集简介
唐代·虞集的简介
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虞集（1272～1348）元代著名学者、诗人。字伯生，号道园，人称邵庵先生。少受家学，尝从吴澄游。成宗大德初，以荐授大都路儒学教授，李国子助教、博士。仁宗时，迁集贤修撰，除翰林待制。文宗即位，累除奎章阁侍书学士。领修《经世大典》，著有《道园学古录》、《道园遗稿》。虞集素负文名，与揭傒斯、柳贯、黄溍并称“元儒四家”；诗与揭傒斯、范梈、杨载齐名，人称“元诗四家”。
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