登江中孤屿
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南北朝]:谢灵运
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江南倦历览,江北旷周旋。
怀新道转迥,寻异景不延。
乱流趋正绝,孤屿媚中川。
云日相晖映,空水共澄鲜。
表灵物莫赏,蕴真谁为传。
想象昆山姿,缅邈区中缘。
始信安期术,得尽养生年。
登江中孤屿译文及注释
译文
倦于遍览江南美景,江北风光久未观看。
寻求新景道路遥远,探访奇观时光不延。
穿越激流横渡前行,孤岛秀美大河中间。
白云红日相互辉映,水天一色澄碧鲜妍。
呈现灵气无人欣赏,藏有真趣谁为传言?
遥想昆山仙人英姿,顿觉世间尘缘邈远。
始信安期养生之术,得以享尽养生天年。
注释
江中:指永嘉江,在浙江东南境,又称瓯江、温江、蜃江、永宁江。孤屿,即孤屿山,在今温州市附近永嘉江中。
历览:遍览,游遍了。
旷周旋:久不游览。旷,荒废,耽搁。周旋,应酬,打交道,这里指前去游赏。
迥:迂回。
景:日光,指时间。延:长。
乱流:从江中截流横渡。趋:疾行。
媚:优美悦人。中川:江水中间。
空水:天空和江水。
表灵:指孤屿山极其神奇的景象。表,明显。灵,灵秀、神奇。物:指世人。
蕴真:蕴藏的仙人。真,真人、神仙。
昆山姿:指神仙的姿容。昆山,昆仑山的简称,是古代传说中西王母的住处。
缅(miǎn)邈(miǎo):悠远。区中缘:人世间的相互关系。
安期术:安期生的长生之术。安期,即安期生,古代传说中的神仙,传说他是琅琊阜乡人,因得长生不老之术而活过了一千岁。
参考资料:
1、萧少卿.古代登临诗词三百首:中国国际广播出版社,2014年:11
2、沈文凡.汉魏六朝诗三百首译析:吉林文史出版社,2014年:139页
登江中孤屿创作背景
这首诗是诗人谢灵运任永嘉太守时游永嘉江所作。谢灵运是东晋大族谢氏之后,门第高贵。刘宋建立之后,打击门阀士族,谢灵运未得重用,自己主动要求出守永嘉郡。在永嘉时他肆意游览山水,寄情于山水翰墨之间,以抒发郁愤。正是在这种处境与心情下,谢灵运写了此诗。
参考资料:
1、谈帆 张福贵.大学语文 人文社科版:华东师范大学出版社,2009年:56页
登江中孤屿鉴赏
开头四句写倦游江南,转游江北。诗人先用“江南倦历览,江北旷周旋”说明渡江北游的原因。后来用“怀新道转迥,寻异景不延”描述北游途中产生的心理感觉。道本不迥而党其远,景本不可延而怪其不延,空间、时间均在主观意念作用下出现不合理而合情的反差和变异,借主观与客观的矛盾突出为探寻新景异景而路欲其短、日欲其长的急切心情。在这心情支配下,乘船过江,不是顺流斜渡,而是“乱流趋正绝”,以缩短路程,争取时间,这就和上两句紧相绾合。此句又缘于下句”孤屿媚中川”而写。因为见到孤屿中流独峙奇绝之景,故而迫不及待地横流直渡。诗中正面写孤屿风景共三句,“孤屿媚中川”是登屿之前遥而望之的总体美。“媚”字极写孤屿山在清澈的江流中间秀峰耸翠,妍美悦人。
后面两句“云日相辉映,空水共澄鲜”,则是登屿之后所见景色。上句写云日同辉,下旬写江天一色。江中孤屿在白云、丽日、蓝天、澄江的烘托之下,有如一螺青黛,分外秀丽妩媚。正当诗人对孤屿赏爱不绝,忽然感情波动,为这新异之景的无人欣赏、无人传写而叹惜,于是写出“表灵物莫赏,蕴真谁为传”。这两句包含三层意思:一是为孤屿的灵秀无人赏爱、仙人的故事无人传写而叹惋。二是借“物莫赏”、“谁为传”,从反面说出自己为之传写赞美的意愿。三是与上文“怀新”、“寻异”相呼应,突出孤屿的美。可谓一石三鸟,意蕴深厚。这两句又点出孤屿的“表灵”、“蕴真”,已见灵气仙心,进而即景生发,驰骋神思,自然想及仙山仙术,因而顺理成章写出最后四句:“想像昆山姿。缅邈区中缘。始信安期术,得尽养生年。”在诗人想望中,江中孤屿表灵蕴真为神仙之奥区,它的灵异之姿、远绝尘缘之境,都与昆仑山有着某种内在的联系,因而冥想杏渺以虚作实,自谓道心契悟.始信安期之术得以养生尽年。这一方面是外放永嘉、心情苦闷的真实流露,渴望以遁世求仙得到解脱;另一方面则以神异灵秀的姿质去描写江中孤屿的美。
这首诗结构上也是按照叙事—写景—说理的框架写成。正面写景虽然只有三句,但全篇都以写景为中心。为景而游,因景而思,承转自然。全篇语言清隽,风韵秀雅。
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庾信《
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寄王琳》
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鲍照《
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拟行路难·其四》
谢灵运简介
唐代·谢灵运的简介
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谢灵运(385年-433年),东晋陈郡阳夏(今河南太康)人,出生在会稽始宁(今浙江上虞),原为陈郡谢氏士族。东晋名将谢玄之孙,小名“客”,人称谢客。又以袭封康乐公,称谢康公、谢康乐。著名山水诗人,主要创作活动在刘宋时代,中国文学史上山水诗派的开创者。由谢灵运始,山水诗乃成中国文学史上的一大流派,最著名的是《山居赋》,也是见诸史册的第一位大旅行家。谢灵运还兼通史学,工于书法,翻译佛经,曾奉诏撰《晋书》。《隋书·经籍志》、《晋书》录有《谢灵运集》等14种。
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霜清兮露冷,暮天暮兮微云飞。
北风兮吹我衣,梅花下兮明月来几时。