斗百花·飒飒霜飘鸳瓦
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宋代]:柳永
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飒飒霜飘鸳瓦,翠幕轻寒微透,长门深锁悄悄,满庭秋色将晚。眼看菊蕊,重阳泪落如珠,长是淹残粉面。鸾辂音尘远。
无限幽恨,寄情空殢纨扇。应是帝王,当初怪妾辞辇,陡顿今来,宫中第一妖娆,却道昭阳飞燕。
斗百花·飒飒霜飘鸳瓦译文及注释
译文
深秋的冷风吹动了鸳鸯瓦上的霜花,冷风吹过绿色的帷幕,吹到陈阿娇的身上,微微带着寒意,静悄悄的长门宫一直锁着大门,满院子的晚秋景色。眼看着盛开的菊花,(想起了这是登高的时节),重阳节时却独自在长门宫内落泪,泪水常常将脸上的胭脂花粉冲浇得残缺不全,听到皇帝的鸾车铃声离长门宫都很远。
无限的幽怨与悔恨,只能向纨扇倾诉。当初还怪罪我拒绝与他同坐一辆马车,却突然成了现在这个样子,宫中第一美女,却是昭阳殿里的赵飞燕。
注释
飒(sà)飒:象声词,指风声。
鸳瓦:鸳鸯瓦,即成双成对的瓦。
翠幕:绿色的帷幕,指陈阿娇的床帐。
长(cháng)门:长门宫,即陈阿娇失宠于汉武帝后所居之宫。
深锁:紧紧的锁住。
满庭:长门宫的庭院。
重阳:重阳节,乃是农历的九月九日。
长(cháng)是:经常是。
淹残粉面:泪水将脸上的胭脂花粉冲浇得残缺不全。
鸾辂(lù):鸾车,皇帝所乘坐的车子。
殢(tì ):困扰,纠缠不清。
纨扇:是一种细绢所制的团扇。
辇(niǎn):皇帝所乘坐的车子。
陡(dǒu)顿:猝然变化。
今来:如今。
昭阳飞燕:昭阳,指昭阳宫;飞燕,指赵飞燕。因赵飞燕居于昭阳宫,因此称为昭阳飞燕。
参考资料:
1、姚学贤、龙建国.柳永词祥注及集评.信阳市:中州古籍出版社,1991年2月版:6-7
2、薛瑞生.古典诗词名家·柳永词选.北京市:中华书局,2005年1月版:174-176
斗百花·飒飒霜飘鸳瓦创作背景
此词具体创作年代暂不可考,但柳永在词中使用了陈皇后与班婕妤的典故,联系到柳永的生平经历,此典故应该是是柳永隐喻自己当初不该“辞辇”离开汴京,希望得到皇上重新重用,故该词应该是作于柳永晚年在苏杭做官的时候。
参考资料:
1、薛瑞生.古典诗词名家·柳永词选.北京市:中华书局,2005年1月版:174-176
斗百花·飒飒霜飘鸳瓦鉴赏
词的上阕讲述了陈皇后失宠而幽禁于长门宫的故事。主要通过景物描写,层层铺陈,渲染气氛。并通过有特定内涵的意象暗示出宫怨的主题。
词由霜落声起笔,以“飒飒”的风声来反衬环境的静寂,以“霜飘”暗示时令已是秋季,天天渐渐寒凉。接下来用造景设色之法,围绕着“静寂”和“寒凉”,写了轻寒微透的“翠幕”,写了深深闭锁,悄无声息的长门,写了“秋色将晚”的庭院。经过一番铺陈,满纸的凄清,满纸的冷寂,“眼看菊蕊,重阳泪落如珠,长是淹残粉面。”明写被重阳冷雨“淹残粉面"的菊,实写重阳佳节被如珠的泪水“淹残粉面"的人。大概是觉得继续说下去则言之太远了,难以收束,于是用“鸾辂”句又收回到陈皇后事,举重若轻。
词的下阕讲述了赵飞燕谗害班倢伃而独得成帝宠幸的故事,另避蹊径,在对比中显美丑。
换头处的“无限幽恨"承上启下,“寄情空殢纨扇”则暗示了这位失宠的妃嫔是班婕妤,她失宠于汉成帝后,曾作《怨歌行》诗以纨扇自比,书写遭遗弃的哀怨之情,柳永认为班婕妤遭受冷落的原因是“辞辇”,是不肯阿顺君王,德行笃厚如班婕妤者,最后也只能让位于“自微贱兴,逾越札制”的赵飞燕,“宫中第一妖娆”的赵飞燕,词中的“陡顿”、“第一妖娆”、“却道”等词语也表达了词人心底对这种现象的嘲讽。
善于将用事与时景相结合造成悲怆气势,是本词的最大特点。
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柳永《
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斗百花·飒飒霜飘鸳瓦》
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范成大《
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雪中闻墙外鬻鱼菜者求售之声甚苦》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永,(约987年—约1053年)北宋著名词人,婉约派代表人物。汉族,崇安(今福建武夷山)人,原名三变,字景庄,后改名永,字耆卿,排行第七,又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士,官至屯田员外郎,故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”,以毕生精力作词,并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活,尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情,创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画,情景交融,语言通俗,音律谐婉,在当时流传极其广泛,人称“凡有井水饮处,皆能歌柳词”,婉约派最具代表性的人物之一,对宋词的发展有重大影响,代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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