赠刘蓝田（一作卢象诗）
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唐代]：王维
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篱间犬迎吠，出屋候荆扉。
岁晏输井税，山村人夜归。
晚田始家食，余布成我衣。
讵肯无公事，烦君问是非。
赠刘蓝田（一作卢象诗）译文及注释
译文
篱笆中家犬在对人狂吠，诗人走出屋倚着柴扉等候着刘蓝田的到来。
年末了村里的农夫们却还要奔赴城里交纳田租，奔波劳碌到深夜时分方才归来。
仅剩下那晚收的庄稼留给自家食用，交纳剩余的残缺布料就是新的衣裳了。
岂敢不管公家之事，只是想烦请眼前的好友辩辩个中是非。
注释
刘蓝田：指蓝田县令，姓刘，其生平未详。
篱：即篱笆，用竹子或树枝等编成的遮拦物。
荆扉：即柴门。荆：一作“柴”。
晏（yàn）：晚，尽。输：缴纳。井税：田税。
晚田：指秋季作物。
余布：缴纳后剩余的布。
讵（jù）肯：岂肯。
参考资料：
1、庄潇编著．唐诗开卷 王维、李白、杜甫带你步入唐诗世界：江苏凤凰文艺出版社,，2015.08：第58页
赠刘蓝田（一作卢象诗）创作背景
这首诗的具体创作年代不详。王维在辋川期间，常与村民、乡绅、高僧等相交往，诗中亦不乏诸如“优昙比丘经论学，伛偻丈人乡里贤”之类的人物。卢象来辋川，与王维相聚，适与刘蓝田相遇而赠诗。
参考资料：
1、曹永斌编注 中国人民政治协商会议陕西省蓝田县委员会学习文史资料委员会编,蓝田文史资料 ．第十六辑 历代诗人咏蓝田集注：null，2006年10月：第15页
赠刘蓝田（一作卢象诗）鉴赏
王维的诗歌，很多都是在描写田园生活之美，像这样表现赋税压身、控诉疾苦的诗篇，非常之少，而这样的生活，才是乡村田园的真实写照。
写的是傍晚的山村里，农妇正在家里准备着晚餐，篱笆边卧着的狗忽然冲了出去，朝远处吠叫了几声，农妇以为是自家男人回来了，忙奔出门来迎接。读到这一句，不免有了疑问，男人去干什么了。让家里的女人有了这样的牵挂，去的时候一定不短了，而到傍晚仍然没有回来，可见所办的事并不容易。“篱中犬迎吠”的“迎”字用得十分恰当，“迎”本是人的动作，可是却用来修饰“犬”，既写出犬对主人归来大献殷勤，又写出犬的迫不及待，犬且如此，更何况人，所以一听到狗叫，家里人便出屋候柴扉；同时也暗示了家人等待中的那种浓重的焦虑和担心。这两句回答了我们的疑问。年未了，村里的农夫们要到城里交纳田租，奔波劳碌到深夜时分方才归来。这个时候才恍然大悟，原来农夫出远门是为了缴租去了，大概因为路远，或者是人多，或者是受到刁难，回来得很晚。男人回来之后，清点了一下缴租后的剩余粮食。“晚田始家食，余布成我衣”。缴完租后没有剩下什么，晚收的庄稼和残缺的布料。好东西都缴给政府和地主了，自己家所能用的，就是剩下的边边角角。这就是悲哀，日出而作，夜深而归，辛勤劳作，却连自己的温饱问题都无力解决。诗人虽未使用什么慷慨激昂的话语，却通过白描的手法，对繁重赋税之下穷苦百姓生活进行了真实的写照，同时也对现实社会进行了揭露与控诉。“晚田”“余布”，平常简洁的语言里，是深沉的苦痛，不着重笔而内涵深远。生活是这样苦难，可是我们回过头来看看首句，想象一下妻子等候、牵挂丈夫归来的情形，可以明显感受到农家夫妻之间相依为命的深厚感情。这也是诗人对农家生活深深的同情。末句，则是作为旁观者，诗人对农家人命运的叹息与愤慨。“讵肯”二字是这首诗的沉重之言，面对百姓的疾苦，不可能没有公事繁忙。这句话意有所指，应该是指诗人那些不为百姓着想的官僚同事，整日里游山玩水，并以无公事可忙为借口。
诗人通过对农家苦难生活的描绘，对这种借口和这种官僚进行了质问，愤懑不平之情突显笔端。全诗词语浅近易懂，亦怀深沉感慨，虽未直接点明赋税之重，却直指不干实事、耽于享乐的官僚阶层，是更深层次的讽谏。
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王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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