北齐二首
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唐代]：李商隐
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一笑相倾国便亡，何劳荆棘始堪伤。
小怜玉体横陈夜，已报周师入晋阳。
巧笑知堪敌万几，倾城最在著戎衣。
晋阳已陷休回顾，更请君王猎一围。
北齐二首译文及注释
译文
君主一旦为美色所迷，便种下亡国祸根，用不着到宫殿长满荆棘才开始悲伤。
拥有玉体的小怜进御服侍后主的夜晚，北周军队进占晋阳的战报已被传出。
哪知甜甜的笑足以抵过君主日理万机，身穿戎装的冯淑妃在后主看来最是美丽。
晋阳已被攻陷远远抛在了后主脑后，冯淑妃请求后主再重新围猎一次。
注释
“一笑”句：《汉书·外戚传》李延年歌曰：“北方有佳人，绝世而独立。一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。”此处“一笑相倾”之“倾”为倾倒、倾心之意，谓君主一旦为美色所迷，便种下亡国祸根。
“何劳”句：晋时索靖有先识远量，预见天下将乱，曾指着洛阳宫门的铜驼叹道：“会见汝在荆棘中耳！”
小怜：即冯淑妃，北齐后主高纬宠妃。玉体横陈：指小怜进御。
“已报”句：《北齐书》载：武平七年，北周在晋州大败齐师，次年周师攻人晋阳（今山西太原）。此事与小怜进御时间相距甚远，此剪缀一处为极言色荒之祸。
巧笑：《诗·卫风·硕人》：“巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。”万几：即万机，君王纷杂政务。
“晋阳”二句：《北史·后妃传》载：“周师取平阳，帝猎于三堆。晋州告急，帝将还。淑妃请更杀一围，从之。”所陷者系晋州平阳，非晋阳，作者一时误记。更杀一围，再围猎一次。
参考资料：
1、李商隐 著 黄世中 选注 ．李商隐诗选 ：中华书局 ，2006 ：74-75 ．
2、刘学锴 李翰 ．李商隐诗选评 ：上海古籍出版社 ，2003 ：72-74 ．
3、李商隐 著 周振甫 注 ．李商隐诗选集 ：江苏教育出版社 凤凰出版传媒集团 ，2006 ：327-328 ．
北齐二首创作背景
唐武宗后期喜畋猎，宠女色，史载武宗王才人善歌舞，每畋苑中，才人必从，“袍而骑，佼服光侈”。与诗中“着戎衣”、“猎一围”有相似之处。武宗固非高纬一流的“无愁天子”，但诗人从关心国家命运出发，借北齐亡国事预作警戒，创造了这组诗。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴 李翰 ．李商隐诗选评 ：上海古籍出版社 ，2003 ：72-74 ．
北齐二首鉴赏
这两首诗是通过讽刺北齐后主高纬宠幸冯淑妃这一荒淫亡国的史实，以借古鉴今的。两首诗在艺术表现手法上有两个共同的特点：
一、议论附丽于形象。既是咏史，便离不开议论。然而好的诗篇总是以具体形象感人，而不是用抽象的道理教训读者。议论不脱离生动的形象，是这两首诗共同的优点。
第一首前两句是以议论发端。“一笑”句暗用周幽王宠褒姒而亡国的故事，讽刺“无愁天子”高纬荒淫的生活。“荆棘”句引晋朝索靖预见西晋将亡的典故，照应国亡之意。这两句意思一气蝉联，谓荒淫即亡国取败的先兆。虽每句各用一典故，却不见用事痕迹，全在于意脉不断，可谓巧于用典。但如果只此而已，仍属老生常谈。后两句撇开议论而展示形象画面。第三句描绘冯淑妃进御之夕“花容自献，玉体横陈”，是一幅秽艳的春宫图，与“一笑相倾”句映带；第四句写北齐亡国情景。公元577年，北周武帝攻破晋阳，向齐都邺城进军，高纬出逃被俘，北齐遂灭。此句又与“荆棘”映带。两句实际上具体形象地再现了前两句的内容。淑妃进御与周师攻陷晋阳，相隔尚有时日。“已报”两字把两件事扯到一时，是着眼于荒淫失政与亡国的必然联系，运用“超前夸张”的修辞格，更能发人深省。这便是议论附丽于形象，通过特殊表现一般，是符合形象思维的规律的。
如果说第一首是议论与形象互用，那么第二首的议论则完全融于形象，或者说议论见之于形象了。“巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮”，是《诗经》中形容美女妩媚表情。“巧笑”与“万机”，一女与天下，轻重关系本来一目了然。说“巧笑”堪敌“万机”，是运用反语来讽刺高纬的昏昧。“知”实为哪知，意味尤见辛辣。如说“一笑相倾国便亡”是热骂，此句便是冷嘲，不议论的议论。高纬与淑妃寻欢作乐的方式之一是畋猎，在高纬眼中，换着出猎武装的淑妃风姿尤为迷人，所以说“倾城最在著戎衣”。这句仍是反语，有潜台词在。古来许多巾帼英雄，其飒爽英姿，确乎给人很美的感觉。但淑妃身著戎衣的举动，不是为天下，而是轻天下。高纬迷恋的不是英武之姿而是忸怩之态。他们逢场作戏，穿著戎衣而把强大的敌国忘记在九霄云外。据《北齐书》载，高纬听信淑妃之言，在自身即将成为敌军猎获物的情况下，仍不忘追欢逐乐，还要再猎一围。三、四句就这样以模拟口气，将帝、妃死不觉悟的昏庸性格刻画得入木三分。尽管不著议论，但通过具体形象的描绘及反语的运用，即将议论融入形象之中。批判意味仍十分强烈。
二、强烈的对比色彩。在形象画面之间运用强烈对比色彩，使作者有意指出的对象的特点更强调突出，引人注目，从而获得含蓄有力的表现效果，是这两首诗的又一显著特点。
第一首三、四两句把一个极艳极亵的镜头和一个极危急险恶的镜头组接在一起，对比色彩强烈，产生了惊心动魄的效果。单从“小怜玉体横陈”的画面，也可见高纬生活之荒淫，然而，如果它不和那个关系危急存亡的“周归入晋阳”的画面组接，就难以产生那种“当局者迷，旁观者清”的惊险效果，就会显得十分平庸，艺术说服力将大为削弱。第二首三、四句则把“晋阳已陷”的时局，与“更请君王猎一围”的荒唐行径作对比。一面是十万火急，形势严峻；一面却是视若无睹，围猎兴浓。两种画面对照出现，令旁观者为之心寒，从而有力地表明当事者处境的可笑可悲，不着一字而含蓄有力。这种手法的运用，也是诗人巧于构思的具体表现之一。
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李商隐《
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马嵬二首》
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李白《
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纪南陵题五松山》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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明代：
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韩殷
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仙峰削出玉璘珣，阆苑红云片片新。晴带轻烟迎彩仗，暖浮苍蔼护朱轮。
望中误起河阳恨，梦里还疑楚水春。最是六街过雨后，独留青影送行人。
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入施州杂咏六首 其一
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明代：
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潘希曾
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匹马空山日易移，裹粮篝火傍崖炊。谁言野食无供帐，鸟作笙箫树作帷。
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席上闻歌分韵
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明代：
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韩邦靖
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弦管青春剧，长安好事家。
已闻音振木，知有面如花。