吴宫
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唐代]：李商隐
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龙槛沉沉水殿清，禁门深掩断人声。
吴王宴罢满宫醉，日暮水漂花出城。
吴宫译文及注释
译文
临水的亭轩幽深一片水中宫殿明清，宫门紧闭着四周一片空寂悄无人声。
吴王刚刚罢宴整个宫中都酩酊大醉，黄昏时只有落花随着流水漂出宫城。
注释
龙槛：指宫中临水有栏杆的亭轩类建筑。
禁门：宫禁的大门。
吴宫鉴赏
题称“吴宫”，但诗中所咏情事并不一定与历史上的吴王夫差及吴宫生活有直接关系，诗人不过是借咏史的名义来反映现实。
一般写宫廷荒淫生活的诗，不论时间背景是在白天或在夜间，也不论用铺陈之笔还是用简约之笔，总不能不对荒淫之状作不同程度的正面描写。这首诗却自始至终，没有一笔正面描绘吴宫华靡生活，纯从侧面着笔。
前两句写黄昏时分覆盖着整个吴宫的一片死寂。龙槛，指宫中临水有栏杆的亭轩类建筑；水殿，是建在水边或水中的宫殿。龙槛和水殿，都是平日宫中最热闹喧哗的游赏宴乐之处，此时现在却悄然不见人迹，只见在暮色沉沉中隐现着的建筑物的轮廓与暗影。“清”字画出在平静中纹丝不动的水面映照着水殿的情景，暗示了水殿的空寂清冷。如果说第一句主要是从视觉感受方面写出了吴宫的空寂，那么第二句则着重从听觉感受方面写出了它的冷静。平日黄昏时分，正是宫中华灯初上，歌管相逐，舞姿蹁跹的时刻，此刻却宫门深闭，悄无人声，简直像一座无人居住的空殿。这是死一般的沉寂引发读者去探究底蕴，寻求答案。
第三句方点醒以上的描写，使读者恍然领悟吴宫日暮时死寂原来是“宴罢满宫醉”的结果。而一经点醒，前两句所描绘的沉寂情景就反过来引发读者去充分想象在这之前满宫的喧闹歌吹、狂欢极乐和如醉如痴的场景。而且前两句越是把死一般的沉寂描绘得很突出，读者对疯狂享乐场景的想象便越不受限制。“满醉”三个字用笔很重。它不单是要交待宴罢满宫酒醉的事实，更重要的是借此透出一种疯狂的颓废的享乐欲望，一种醉生梦死的精神状态。正是从这里，诗人写出了一个含意深长的结尾。
“日暮水漂花出城”。这是一个似乎很平常的细节：日暮时的吴宫，悄无人迹，只有御沟流水，在朦胧中缓缓流淌，漂送着瓣瓣残花流出宫城。这样一个细节，如果孤立起来看，可能没有多少实际意义；但把它放在“吴王宴罢满宫醉”这样一个背景上来描写，便显得很富含蕴而耐人咀嚼了。对于一座华美的宫城，人们通常情况下总是首先注意到它的巍峨雄伟的建筑、金碧辉煌的色彩；即使在日暮时分，首先注意到的也是灯火辉煌、丝管竞逐的景象。只有当吴宫中一片死寂，暮色又笼罩着整个黑沉沉的宫城时，才会注意到脚下悄然流淌的御沟和漂在水面上的落花。如果说，一、二两句写吴宫黄昏的死寂还显得比较一般，着重于外在的描写，那么这一句就是传神之笔，写出了吴宫日暮静寂的神韵和意境。而这种意境，又进一步反衬了“满宫醉”前的喧闹和疯狂。顺着这层意蕴再往深处体味，还会隐隐约约地感到，这“日暮水漂花出城”的景象中还包含着某种比兴象征的意味。在醉生梦死的疯狂享乐之后出现的日暮黄昏的沉寂，使人仿佛感到覆亡的不祥暗影已经悄然无声地笼罩了整个吴宫，而流水漂送残花的情景则更使人感到吴宫繁华的行将消逝，感受到一种“流水落花春去也”的悲怆。姚培谦说：“花开花落，便是兴亡景象。”（《李义山诗笺注》）他是领悟到了作者寄寓在艺术形象中的微意。
清刘熙载说：“绝句取径贵深曲，盖意不可尽，以不尽尽之。正面不写写反面；本面不写写对面、旁面，须如睹影知竿乃妙”。（《艺概·诗概》）这首诗正是“正面不写”、“睹影知竿”的典型例证。
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李白《
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温庭筠《
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马嵬驿》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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