水调歌头·焦山
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宋代]：吴潜
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铁瓮古形势，相对立金焦。长江万里东注，晓吹卷惊涛。天际孤云来去，水际孤帆上下，天共水相邀。远岫忽明晦，好景画难描。
混隋陈，分宋魏，战孙曹。回头千载陈迹，痴绝倚亭皋。惟有汀边鸥鹭，不管人间兴废，一抹度青霄。安得身飞去，举手谢尘嚣。
水调歌头·焦山译文及注释
译文
镇江城像铁翁一样，金山焦山隔江相对。万里长江向东流去，风吹浪涛。天边孤云来来去去，水边孤帆来来往往，水天相接，一片浩然景象远处峰峦忽明忽暗，如此美好的图画却难以描绘。
隋灭陈，宋与魏又隔江相望。在历史长空中，回想历史人物已神游物外了。只要水草边的鸥鹭，不管人世变迁，都在天空中翻飞。还争取什么呢，还是辞世归隐为好。
注释
焦山：在今江苏镇江市东，屹立长江中。
铁瓮：镇江古名铁瓮城，三国孙权建。
金焦：金山和焦山。二山对峙，俱屹立大江中。
晓吹：晨风。
岫（xiù）：峰峦。
混隋陈：混：统一。这句说隋灭陈，南北统一。
分宋魏：南朝刘宋与鲜卑族拓跋氏的魏对峙。
孙：孙权。曹：曹操。
痴绝：指回想历代史事时想得出神。
一抹：形容轻微的痕迹。
举手：分别时的动作。
谢：告辞。
尘嚣（xiāo）：指尘世。尘：尘世、人间。嚣：市集，做买卖的地方。
参考资料：
1、谢真元，陈忻．中国古代豪放词曲评注：天津社会科学院出版社，2004.10：223
2、伍心铭．宋词三百首鉴赏：时事出版社，2004.12：469
水调歌头·焦山创作背景
参考资料：
1、林力，肖剑．宋词鉴赏大典（上、中、下卷）：长征出版社，1999.11：1539
水调歌头·焦山鉴赏
这是一首登临抒怀的词作。上片词人从“铁瓮”起笔，点出镇江城古来形胜的特点，并交代词人所在。次句聚焦“金焦”，写出金山、焦山东西相对的壮观之势。首二句写得概括、有力，渲染出一派磅礴之势。接着两句写夹在金山、焦山之间的江水：万里江流从东边滚滚而来，伴着晨风，卷起惊涛骇浪。“注”“卷”两字用力极大，突显江水浩大的声势，衬出山水相问的壮丽景致。“天际孤云来去，水际孤帆上下，天共水相邀”三句中，“孤云”“孤帆”衬出江天、江水的浩渺；“来去”“上下”纵横交错，可知词人在游目骋怀，频频俯仰，可以想见其跳荡的神思；“天共水相邀”将水天相接的情境展现在人们眼前，这境界是非常开阔的。词人还没有看够山和水，“远岫忽明晦”的景致又映人眼帘，“忽”字体现出“明暗”的瞬间性，这刹那间的感官刺激又引起词人多少兴奋。“好景画难描”一句收束上片。词人上片全在写景，但仍觉自己未能将好景描画出来，可见焦山景色之美好。
下片首三句“混隋陈，分宋魏，战孙曹”，词人从历史的角度，由近到远，写镇江古城的攻守征战，突显镇江古城在历史上的重要地位。“回头干载陈迹，痴绝倚亭皋”两句，词人从追溯历史中回到现实，他痴痴地倚立江边，不禁感慨万千。词人对古来枭雄无限神往，期望自己也能像他们那样一展宏图，可现实中却不是这样。词人满腹诗书，却官小权微，难受重用，大有怀才不遇之感，于是他不得不开解自己。“惟有汀边鸥鹭，不管人间兴废，一抹度青霄。”词人艳羡江边鸥鹭能够无忧无虑、自由自在地飞翔，越飞越高，直飞到青霄之上，不管人间兴废。结尾两句由艳羡鸥鹭更进一步，词人想象自己能与鸥鹭同命，可以飞上天空，离开纷繁复杂的尘世，从侧面表现出词人对现实的不满以及壮志难酬的忧闷。
全词融写景、怀古、抒情三者为一体，层次分明，语言纯熟，意境开阔，耐人寻味。
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书项王庙壁》
吴潜简介
唐代·吴潜的简介
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吴潜（1195—1262） 字毅夫，号履斋，宣州宁国（今属安徽）人。宁宗嘉定十年（1217）举进士第一，授承事郎，迁江东安抚留守。理宗淳祐十一年（1251）为参知政事，拜右丞相兼枢密使，封崇国公。次年罢相，开庆元年（1259）元兵南侵攻鄂州，被任为左丞相，封庆国公，后改许国公。被贾似道等人排挤，罢相，谪建昌军，徙潮州、循州。与姜夔、吴文英等交往，但词风却更近于辛弃疾。其词多抒发济时忧国的抱负与报国无门的悲愤。格调沉郁，感慨特深。著有《履斋遗集》，词集有《履斋诗余》。
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