江边柳
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唐代]：雍裕之
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袅袅古堤边，青青一树烟。
若为丝不断，留取系郎船。
江边柳鉴赏
古人常借咏柳以赋别，这首诗也没有脱离离情的旧旨，但构思新颖，想象奇特而又切合情景。
诗的一、二句，寥寥几笔，绘出了一幅美丽的古堤春柳图。古堤两旁，垂柳成行，晴光照耀，通体苍翠，蓊蓊郁郁，袅袅婷婷，远远望去，恰似一缕缕烟霞在飘舞。“袅袅”、“青青”，连用两个叠字，一写江边柳的轻柔婀娜之态，一写其葱茏苍翠的颜色，洗炼而鲜明。前人多以“翠柳如烟”、“杨柳含烟”、“含烟惹雾”等来形容柳的轻盈和春的秾丽，这里径直用“一树烟”来称呼柳树，想象奇特，造语新颖。只此三字，便勾出了柳条婆娑袅娜之状，烘托出春光的绮丽明媚，并为下面写离情作了反衬。
三、四两句直接写离情。咏柳惜别，诗人们一般都从折枝相赠上着想，如“伤见路旁杨柳春，一重折尽一重新。今年还折去年处，不送去年离别人”（施肩吾《折杨柳》）；“曾栽杨柳江南岸，一别江南两度春。遥忆青青江岸上，不知攀折是何人”（白居易《忆江柳》）等等。雍裕之却不屑作这种别人用过的诗句，而从折枝上翻出新意。“若为丝不断，留取系郎船”，诗人笔下的女主人公不仅没有折柳赠别，倒希望柳丝绵绵不断，以便把情人的船儿系住，永不分离。这一方面是想得奇，说出了别人没有说过的语句，把惜别这种抽象的感情表现得十分具体、深刻而不一般化；同时，这种想象又是很自然的，切合江边柳这一特定情景。大江中，船只来往如梭；堤岸上，烟柳丝丝弄碧；柳荫下画船待发，枝枝柔条正拂在那行舟上。景以情合，情因景生，此时此刻，萌发出“系郎船”的天真幻想，合情合理，自然可信。这里没有一个“别”字“愁”字，但痴情到要用柳条儿系住郎船，则离愁之重，别恨之深，已经不言而喻了。这里也没有一个“江”字、“柳”字，而江边柳“远映征帆近拂堤”（温庭筠《杨柳枝》）的独特形象，也是鲜明如画。至此，“古堤边”三字才有了着落，全诗也浑然一体了。
中唐戴叔伦写过一首《堤上柳》：“垂柳万条丝，春来织别离。行人攀折处，是妾断肠时。”由“丝”而联想到“织”，颇为新颖，但后两句却未能由此加以生发，而落入了窠臼；它没有写出堤上柳与别处柳的不同之处，如果把题目换成路边柳、楼头柳也一样适用。其原因在于诗人的描写，脱离了彼时彼地的特定情境。两相比较，雍裕之的这首《江边柳》匠心独运、高出一筹。
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曹植《
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铜雀台赋》
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李商隐《
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赠柳》
雍裕之简介
唐代·雍裕之的简介
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雍裕之雍裕之：唐朝人（约公元八一三年前后在世）字不详，蜀人。生卒年均不详，约唐宪宗元和中前后在世。有诗名。工乐府，极有情致。贞元后，数举进士不第，飘零四方。裕之著有诗集一卷， 《新唐书艺文志》传于世。
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