鹊桥仙·一竿风月
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宋代]:陆游
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一竿风月,一蓑烟雨,家在钓台西住。卖鱼生怕近城门,况肯到红尘深处?
潮生理棹,潮平系缆,潮落浩歌归去。时人错把比严光,我自是无名渔父。
鹊桥仙·一竿风月译文及注释
译文
清早出去,笼一蓑霏微烟雨,傍晚归来,钓一竿迷蒙风月,家就居在富春江滨的子陵钓台西边。卖鱼的时候惟恐走近城门跟前,更不用说还会到闹市深处去了。
潮生时泛船出去打鱼,潮平时摆船靠岸系缆,潮落时高唱渔歌归家。当时的人们错把我比作披蓑垂钓的严光,然而,我更愿作一位无名的渔父。
注释
鹊桥仙:词牌名,此调专咏牛郎织女七夕相会事。
一竿风月:风月中垂一钓竿。
蓑(suō):蓑衣。
钓台:汉代隐士严光隐居的地方,在今浙江省富春江畔的桐庐县。
况肯:更何况。
红尘:指俗世。
棹(zhào):指船桨。
潮平系缆:潮水满涨时停船捕鱼。
浩歌:指放声高歌,大声歌唱。
严光:即严子陵,汉代著名隐士。
渔父:渔翁,捕鱼的老人。
参考资料:
1、王玲.陆游诗词:济南出版社,2014年:第61页
2、朱敦源.《中华古词365首精华今译 》:东北朝鲜民族教育,1993年:第217页
鹊桥仙·一竿风月创作背景
乾道七年(1171年)十月,朝廷否决北伐计划的《平戎策》,调王炎回京,幕府解散,出师北伐的计划也毁于一旦,词人感到无比的忧伤。随后词人骑驴入川,颇不得志。这首词是词人回到越州山阴故乡(今浙江绍兴)时所作。
参考资料:
1、林力,肖剑.《宋词鉴赏大典 (上、中、下卷) 》:长征出版社,1990年:第974页
鹊桥仙·一竿风月鉴赏
“一竿风月,一蓑烟雨”,是渔父的生活环境。“家在钓台西住”,这里借用了严光不应汉光武的征召,独自披羊裘钓于浙江的富春江上的典故。以此来喻渔父的心情近似严光。上片结句说,渔父虽以卖鱼为生,但是他远远地避开争利的市场。卖鱼还生怕走近城门,当然就更不肯向红尘深处追逐名利了。以此来表现渔父并不热衷于追逐名利,只求悠闲、自在。
下片头三句写渔父在潮生时出去打鱼,在潮平时系缆,在潮落时归家。生活规律和自然规律相适应,并无分外之求,不象世俗中人那样沽名钓誉,利令智昏。最后两句承上片“钓台”两句,说严光还不免有求名之心,这从他披羊裘垂钓上可看出来。宋人有一首咏严光的诗说:“一着羊裘便有心,虚名留得到如今。当时若着蓑衣去,烟水茫茫何处寻。”也是说严光虽拒绝光武征召,但还有求名心。陆游因此觉得:“无名”的“渔父”比严光还要清高。
这词上下片的章法相同,每片都是头三句写生活,后两句写心情,但深浅不同。上片结尾说自己心情近似严光,下片结尾却把严光也否定了。文人词中写渔父最早、最著名的是张志和的《渔父》,后人仿作的很多,但是有些文人的渔父词,用自己的思想感情代替劳动人民的思想感情,很不真实。
陆游这首词,论思想内容,可以说在张志和等诸人之上。显而易见,这词是讽刺当时那些被名牵利绊的俗人的。读者不可错会他的写作意图,简单地认为它是消极的、逃避现实的作品。
陆游另有一首《鹊桥仙》词:“华灯纵博,雕鞍驰射,谁记当年豪举?酒徒一半取封候,独去作江边渔父。轻舟八尺,低逢三扇,占断苹洲烟雨。镜湖元自属闲人,又何必官家赐与!”也是写渔父的。它上片所写的大概是他四十八岁那一年在汉中的军旅生活。而这首词可能是作者在王炎幕府经略中原事业夭折以后,回到山阴故乡时作的。两首词同调、同韵,都是写他自己晚年英雄失志的感慨,决不是张志和《渔父》那种恬淡、闲适的隐士心情。读这首词时,应该注意他这个创作背景和创作心情。
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陆游《
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鹊桥仙·一竿风月》
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李白《
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书情题蔡舍人雄》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游(1125—1210),字务观,号放翁。汉族,越州山阴(今浙江绍兴)人,南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶,高宗时应礼部试,为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀,投身军旅生活,官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首,内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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