过三闾庙
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唐代]：戴叔伦
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沅湘流不尽，屈子怨何深。
日暮秋风起，萧萧枫树林。
过三闾庙译文及注释
译文
沅江湘江长流不尽，屈原悲愤似水深沉。
暮色茫茫，秋风骤起江面，吹进枫林，听的满耳萧萧。
注释
三闾（lǘ）庙：即屈原庙，因屈原曾任三闾大夫而得名，在今湖南汨罗县境。
沅（yuán）湘：指沅江和湘江，沅江、湘江是湖南的两条主要河流。
屈子怨何深：此处用比喻，屈子指屈原，句意屈原的怨恨好似沅（yuán）江湘江深沉的河水一样。何深：多么地深。
“日暮”二句：此处化用屈原的《九歌》《招魂》中的诗句：“袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下”，“湛湛江水兮上有枫，目极千里兮伤春心。魂兮归来哀江南！”秋烟：一作“秋风”。萧萧：风吹树木发出的响声。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：396
过三闾庙创作背景
三闾庙，是奉祀春秋时楚国三闾大夫屈原的庙宇，根据《清一统志》记载，庙在长沙府湘阴县北六十里（今汨罗县境）。诗人经过此地后，睹物思人，于是写下了这首凭吊诗。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：396
2、李元洛 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：674-675
过三闾庙鉴赏
这是作者游屈原庙的题诗。此诗题一作《过三闾庙》，是诗人大历（766-779）中在湖南做官期间路过三闾庙时所作。伟大诗人屈原毕生忠贞正直。满腔忧国忧民之心，一身匡时济世之才，却因奸邪谗毁不得进用，最终流放江潭，遗恨波涛。他的峻洁的人格和不幸遭遇，引起了后人无限的景仰与同情。在汉代，贾谊、司马迁过汨罗江就曾驻揖凭吊，洒一掬英雄泪。贾谊留下了著名的《吊屈原赋》。而司马迁则在他那“无韵之《离骚》”（《史记》）里写了一篇满含悲愤的《屈原列传》。时隔千载，诗人戴叔伦也感受到了与贾谊、司马迁同样的情怀：“昔人从逝水，有客吊秋风。何意千年隔，论心一日同！”（《湘中怀古》）大历年间，奸臣元载当道，嫉贤妒能，排斥异己。在这种时代背景下，诗人来往于沅湘之上面对秋风萧瑟之景，不由他不动怀古吊屈的幽情。屈原“忠而见疑，信而被谤”（《史记·屈原列传》），作者谒庙，感慨颇深，《题三闾大夫庙》就是作者情动于中而形于言、即景成章的。
诗的前二句对屈原的不幸遭遇表示深切的同情。“沅湘流不尽”发语高亢。如天外奇石陡然而落，紧接着次句“屈子怨何深”又如古钟震鸣，沉重而浑厚，两句一开一阖，顿时给读者心灵以强烈的震撼。从字面上看，“沅湘”一句是说江水长流，无穷无尽，意思当句自足。但实际上“流”这里是双关，既指水同时也逗出下句的“怨”，意谓屈子的哀愁是何等深重，沅湘两江之水千百年来汩汩流去，也流淌不尽、冲刷不尽。这样一来，屈原的悲剧就被赋予了一种超时空的永恒意义。诗人那不被理解、信任的悲哀，遭谗见谪的愤慨和不得施展抱负的不平，仿佛都化作一股怨气弥漫在天地间，沉积在流水中，浪淘不尽．作者在这里以大胆的想象伴随饱含感情的笔调，表现了屈原的哀怨的深重，言外洋溢着无限悲慨。“沅湘流不尽，屈子怨何深”，以沅水湘水流了千年也流不尽，来比喻屈原的幽怨之深，构思妙绝。屈原与楚王同宗，想到祖宗创业艰难，好不容易建立起强大的楚国，可是子孙昏庸无能，不能守业，贤能疏远，奸佞当权，自己空有一套正确的治国主张却不被采纳，反而遭到打击迫害，屡贬荒地。眼看世道，是非不分，黑白颠倒，朝政日非，国势岌岌可危，人民的灾难越来越深重，屈原奋而自沉汨罗江，他生而有怨，死亦有怨，这样的怨，没有个尽头。这二句是抒情。
后二句写景：“日暮秋风起，萧萧枫树林。”秋风萧瑟，景象凄凉，一片惨淡气氛，诗人融情入景，使读者不禁慨然以思，含蓄蕴藉地表达了一种感慨不已、哀思无限的凭吊怀念之情。这两句暗用《楚辞·招魂》语：“湛湛江水兮上有枫，目极千里兮伤春心，魂兮归来哀江南。”但化用得非常巧妙，使人全然不觉。诗的后两句轻轻宕开，既不咏屈原的事，也不写屈原庙，却由虚转实，描绘了一幅秋景：“日暮秋风起，萧萧枫树林”。这并不是闲笔，它让读者想到屈原笔下的秋风和枫树，“嫋嫋兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下”（《九歌·湘夫人》）。“湛湛江水兮上有枫”（《招魂》）。这是屈原曾经行吟的地方。朱熹说“（枫）玉霜后叶丹可爱，故骚人多称之”（《楚辞集注》）。此刻骚人已去，只有他曾歌咏的枫还在，当黄昏的秋风吹起时，如火的红枫婆娑摇曳，萧萧絮响，像在诉说千古悲剧。
这首诗比兴手法相当高明。前二句以江水之流不尽来比喻人之怨无穷，堪称妙绝。后二句萧瑟秋景的描写，又从《招魂》“湛湛江水”两句生发而来，景物依稀，气氛愁惨，更增凄惋，使人不胜惆怅，吊古之意极深，为人传诵。
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李白《
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书情题蔡舍人雄》
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杜甫《
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自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》
戴叔伦简介
唐代·戴叔伦的简介
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戴叔伦(732—789)，唐代诗人，字幼公（一作次公），润州金坛(今属江苏)人。年轻时师事萧颖士。曾任新城令、东阳令、抚州刺史、容管经略使。晚年上表自请为道士。其诗多表现隐逸生活和闲适情调，但《女耕田行》、《屯田词》等篇也反映了人民生活的艰苦。论诗主张“诗家之景，如蓝田日暖，良玉生烟，可望而不可置于眉睫之前”。其诗体裁皆有所涉猎。
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读书知要
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明代：
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钟芳
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善学无如善读书，莫耽买椟委明珠。天人条贯归皇极，坟典精华是道腴。
骏失辔衔驰愈放，车攒轮辐运常虚。晚年涵泳多滋味，倚杖林塘乐有馀。