一片
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唐代]：李商隐
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一片琼英价动天，连城十二昔虚传。
良工巧费真为累，楮叶成来不直钱。
一片译文及注释
译文
一块美玉引出很多联想，说它天价绝不夸张。十二座城池与它交换，并非虚传而是写在书上。
良工巧运匠心，精雕细琢，到头来却累了自己；把一块玉石精雕成真假莫辨的楮叶，竟然不值半文钱。
注释
琼：玉的美称。动天：言极高之意。
连城十二：《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》载，赵惠文王得楚和氏璧，秦昭王愿以十五城换和氏璧。此诗之“十二”应为“十五”。
楮：木名，叶似桑，皮可以制桑皮纸。直：即值。
一片创作背景
这首诗可能作于会昌五年（845）。对于此诗的创作缘由，古今众说纷纭。清代冯浩说：“自叹之词，当在未第时。”（《玉溪生诗集笺注》）此说，亦事出有因，因为作者早以文著称，“出诸公间”，因此他考进士，便几次遭权贵妒嫉而落第。冯浩所谓“自叹之词”，即指此而言。
参考资料：
1、邓中龙．李商隐诗译注·第1卷：岳麓书社，2000：513-515
2、陆永品．李商隐诗选：山东大学出版社，1999：192
一片鉴赏
在李商隐诗集中，有些诗以首句二字或几字为题。而诗题与诗意却不相涉，性质类似于无题。这首《一片》也属此类。全诗借叹咏琼英、和氏璧、象牙雕成的楮叶而自叹不为世人所重，表现了怀才而不见用的愤懑和痛苦之情。
《诗经·齐风·著》：“俟我于堂乎而？充耳黄乎而？留之以琼英乎？”诗人借琼英寄兴，言自己甚有美才，名声极高，堪为王佐。此句理解为正面赞美琼英、赞美己才当然是不错的。但《著》一诗，“诗序”又说：“刺时也。时不亲迎也。”自《楚辞》出，男女婚恋又常常用以象征君臣间的关系。李商隐地位卑微，未必有廷见龙颜直接得到拨擢的奢望，但综观其诗作，诗人确有希翼得到权要荐引的愿望，他的另一首《一片》（一片非烟隔九枝）云：“人间桑海朝朝变，莫造佳期更后期。”冯浩曰：“似为津要之力能荐士者咏，非情词也。”如果将首句仅仅理解为自我赞赏之词似末免较肤浅。这一句既是诗人对“为津要之力能荐士者”发出要求引荐的呼喊，又是为得不到这些“能荐士者”“亲迎”所发的浩叹。和氏壁为连城之宝，名不虚传，但从它的发现到为世人所知，却颇多周折，和氏本人的双足先后也被不识宝的国君所刖。和氏悲愤地说：“吾非悲刖也，悲夫宝玉而题之以石，贞士而名之以诳，此吾所以悲也”（《韩非子·和氏》）。连城瑰宝和氏璧在其未被玉人所理时，正是形同顽石。诗人的才华未被发现、未被发挥时也是名同诳士。次句在赞美和氏璧的同时，也同样流露出怀才不遇的感慨。
《韩非子·喻老》：“宋人有为其君以象为楮叶者，三年而成，丰杀茎柯，毫芒繁泽，乱之楮叶之中而不可别也。此人遂以功食禄于宋邦。列子闻之曰：‘使天地三年而成一叶，则物之有叶者寡矣。’”象矛楮叶，良工巧匠花了三年时间才雕琢成；作为一件艺术品，其颜色、厚薄、平斜，维妙维肖，足以乱真。一个人的才学能力，也是经过长期砥砺、磨炼、积累而成的，但有才华的人被混于芸芸众生中，自然不能识别出来。“真为累”，“累”字下得极痛。在封建社会特殊的环境中，不少士人有才而不遇，更不能尽施才能，甚至穷困潦倒。他们苦闷彷徨，看不到出路，以至将才能、才干当成一种“累”——精神上的包袱或负担。赵壹《刺世疾邪诗》云：“文籍虽满腹，不如一囊钱。”鲍照《拟行路难》云：“自古圣贤尽贫贱。”李白《答王十二寒夜独酌有怀》云：“吟诗作赋北窗里，万言不直一杯水。”这些不满和牢骚，皆可视为此诗“累”的注脚。李商隐亦终身受累，终于步履艰难地走完了他人生的历程。
这首绝句用了三个典故。首二句不写正面写反面，琼英、连城璧虽以赞美的口吻出之，而慨叹才华不展之意已在其中。后两句“真为累”，“不直钱”，直接作意。比起其他“无题”一类的作品，此诗情调激愤，胸臆也较直露，主题显然也醒豁得多了。
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刘孝绰《
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咏素蝶诗》
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白居易《
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养竹记》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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