五粒小松歌
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唐代]：李贺
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前谢秀才、杜云卿，命予作《五粒小松歌》，予以选书多事，不治曲辞，经十日，聊道八句，以当命意。
蛇子蛇孙鳞蜿蜿，新香几粒洪崖饭。
绿波浸叶满浓光，细束龙髯铰刀剪。
主人壁上铺州图，主人堂前多俗儒。
月明白露秋泪滴，石笋溪云肯寄书。
五粒小松歌译文及注释
译文
前些时候谢秀才与杜云卿叫我写《五粒小松歌》，我因为选编书集事情较多，没有时间写诗，经过十天，勉强写出八句，算是完成友人的意旨。
小松树像一条小蛇，满身蛇鳞，蜿蜒曲折，新嫩的松花松果像清香的米粒，被仙人当食物采摘。
那松叶浓绿有光，像在水中浸过，一束束龙须般的针叶，整齐得像用剪刀剪成。
小松树的主人壁上高挂着州邑地图，主人堂前进进出出的多是俗儒。
月明露白的秋夜，小松树似在流着泪滴：“山石和溪云，你们是否还肯写信来对我眷顾？”
注释
五粒小松：华山松每枝松穗为五股，称“五鬣松”，“鬣”与“粒”音近，故云。
选书：按一定标准，选辑某人的作品，编集成书。
曲辞：这里指诗歌。
蛇子蛇孙：比喻小松枝干。
洪崖：传说中的仙人。
龙髯：龙须，比喻松树的针叶。
州图：州县的地图。
溪云：山涧的云霭。书：书信。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：213-215
2、闵泽平．李贺全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：195-196
五粒小松歌创作背景
据诗序可知，此诗为友人所作，当作于唐宪宗元和四年（809年）以后李贺在长安任奉礼郎之职时期。
参考资料：
1、吴企明 编选．李贺集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：110-112
五粒小松歌鉴赏
此诗前半首咏小松树，形容小松的姿态。五粒小松，即华山松，生长在深山中，石笋相伴，溪云回护，迎风挺立，经霜常绿，舒展自在而富有生机。但是，五粒小松一旦进入主人的深院，移栽如盆子，细丝捆束，铰刀修剪，失去了自由生长的可能。诗人在小松树的姿态描写中，已经将自己备受压抑拘束的生活感受注入，意含象中，寄托遥深。
后半首写小松树不得其所，它被摆在主人堂前当点缀品，主人壁上挂着粗俗的州县地图，主人交游的多是志趣不高的朋友。小松树在孤独、凄凉的环境里，只能对月坠泪，感伤自己的遭遇，遥想深山里曾经相依相伴的石笋和溪云，不知它们还忆念它否。诗人借拟人化的表现手法，将不满现实的束缚压抑，渴望自由的心绪，蕴含于姿态奇特的小松树形象中，思致婉曲，别具情趣，思想和艺术绾合得非常巧妙自然。
全诗立意新奇，构思精巧，用词瑰丽，也有伤感情绪的流露，有很高的艺术价值。
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陶渊明《
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读山海经十三首·其五》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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