戏题牡丹
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唐代]：韩愈
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幸自同开俱阴隐，何须相倚斗轻盈。
陵晨并作新妆面，对客偏含不语情。
双燕无机还拂掠，游蜂多思正经营。
长年是事皆抛尽，今日栏边暂眼明。
戏题牡丹译文及注释
译文
很庆幸这些牡丹花开时，枝叶俱茂，所以花朵隐约依稀，它们也毋须互相依倚着争奇斗艳，以轻盈相比。
清晨到来时一朵朵花儿都像新妆的面庞一样，对着赏花的宾客偏偏都含着羞怯不语的深情。
没有心机的双燕时时从花上掠过，多情的游蜂却正在花间盘旋采蜜。
多年来我已懒于过问世事，令天在栏边看到这些牡丹，禁不住眼光暂时明亮起来。
注释
阴隐：一作“隐约”。牡丹花开时，枝叶已盛，故云隐约。
相倚：指花枝互相依倚支撑。斗：争斗比较。
陵晨：凌晨，清晨。并作：同作。
无机：没有心机，无意。
多思：多情。经营：此指蜂于花间盘旋采蜜。
是事：事事，凡事。
暂眼明：眼睛为鲜花照亮。
参考资料：
1、蓝保卿．中国历代牡丹诗词选注：中州古籍出版社，2009：23
2、宋长琨．韩昌黎集：伊犁人民出版社，2000：86-87
3、蒋业伟．韩昌黎全集：北京燕山出版社，1996：338-339
戏题牡丹创作背景
这诗作于唐宪宗元和十年（815），当时韩愈四十八岁，在朝为考功员外郎、知制诰，后升任太子右庶子，逢牡丹花开，心情畅快，遂作此诗。
参考资料：
1、李文禄．古代咏花诗词鉴赏辞典：吉林大学出版社，1990：493-194
2、宋长琨．韩昌黎集：伊犁人民出版社，2000：86-87
戏题牡丹鉴赏
第一联写牡丹“同开俱阴隐”，不必“相倚斗轻盈”，这是指牡丹花之间同开俱隐约，还是以牡丹与别的花相比较，并未言明。从诗意看，似指牡丹花之间可能性为大。“幸”字流露了作者担心、紧张情绪。“何须”则是劝告语气，正应“戏题”二字。这联写了牡丹同开俱隐约，又写了它们之“斗轻盈”。“阴隐”“轻盈”写牡丹的神态，但这并不轻松。这一联里显然凝聚着韩愈内心探处的难言之隐。清黄叔灿《唐诗笺说》认为“有比意”。究竟是比官场中人事纠葛，还是仕途升腾降落，难以探究。总之，韩愈似乎是将自己感慨寓于其中了，因而就格外有韵致。
第二联“凌晨并作新妆面，对客偏含不语情。”就牡丹的神态作进一层描绘。“并作”仍强调同样的特征，同上联“同”、“俱”呼应，更说明斗轻盈的不必要。是上联旨意的形象论证。晚唐罗隐《杜丹花》诗写道：“若教解语应倾国，任是无情亦动人。”确实可以看是受韩诗的影响，不过相比之下，韩的“对客偏含不语情”更含蓄别致，有回味的余地。再加上或许含有某种隐情于其中，就更引人入胜了。
“双燕无机还拂掠，游蜂多思正经营”一联描绘了牡丹花开之后燕舞蜂忙的嬉闹场面。实际也是渲染了牡丹花所处的环境。就牡丹自身而言，“斗轻盈”就已经具有人格意识，“新妆面，不语情”就更强化了这种意识，这都是从牡丹本体出发，自然显现，而双燕、游蜂作为牡丹的身外之物也频频关照、时时拂掠、苦苦经营，而作为牡丹自身却又有念想。诗人似乎无意涉及，也就不必探究其中是不是藏有微言大义。单就艺术描写角度看，写出了牡丹花的艳丽姿态，及其繁华场面，有很强吸引力，显示了作者深厚语言工力非同寻常。而最后“长年是事皆抛弃，今日栏边眼暂明”就很清楚表露了作者见牡丹而心喜，忘却多年尘俗之事的愉悦之情。清汪佑南《泾草堂诗话》就认为晚唐诸家咏牡丹“尽态极妍，总不如昌黎一首”，似乎有些过份，因诸家所咏自有其特点自有其角度，不能一概而论，但就艺术上的“轻清流丽，无意求工”这一点说，却道出了韩愈这首咏牡丹诗的特色。而这一特色，恰恰是韩愈将自己心理感受注于诗中所致。清张鸿《批韩诗》认为这首诗有韩愈“不著色”的体格，确是一语中的。较之那些浓彩重饰只求形似的咏牡丹之作，韩愈这首《戏题牡丹》还是充满神韵的。它不仅显示作者驾驭语言的工力，描绘了牡丹的丰采，而且，在“戏”的背后，似乎也含有严肃的命题。这才是韩愈这首诗被评诗家称道的真正原因。
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诉衷情·海棠珠缀一重重》
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苏轼《
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西江月·真觉赏瑞香二首》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。
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