水龙吟·白莲
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宋代]：张炎
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仙人掌上芙蓉，涓涓犹滴金盘露。轻装照水，纤裳玉立，飘飘似舞。几度销凝，满湖烟月，一汀鸥鹭。记小舟夜悄，波明香远，浑不见、花开处。
应是浣纱人妒。褪红衣、被谁轻误？闲情淡雅，冶姿清润，凭娇待语。隔浦相逢，偶然倾盖，似传心素。怕湘皋佩解，绿云十里，卷西风去。
水龙吟·白莲鉴赏
“仙人掌上芙蓉，涓涓犹滴金盘露。轻装照水，纤裳玉立，飘飘似舞。”是对白莲作总体的概括描写。把莲花比作仙人掌上的芙蓉，它还滴着金盘的玉露，借用的是汉武帝承露盘事。落笔把莲花的整体精神摄起的，跟着具体勾画：“轻装”、“纤裳”，为形质；“照水”、“玉立”，为姿态。配似“飘飘似舞”，使莲花的形象突现眼前。
“几度销凝，满湖烟月，一汀鸥鹭”随即换了角度，自身落笔。“销凝”意为徘徊凝望。几度排徊在满湖烟月和一汀鸥鹭之中，为的是要领略这诗的环境中那白莲的雅韵。“记小舟夜悄，波明香远，浑不见、花开处。”悄然静夜之中，驾一叶扁舟，在湖上飘摇。淡白的湖光，远送的香气，皆进目鼻之中，那莲花却混在波明月白之中了不可见。这几句莲花被置身于若有若无之间。湖光、烟月、小舟、鸥鹭物光人色皆有。如果能够用丹青画出，当是一幅绝品。
“应是浣纱人妒。褪红衣、被谁轻误。”大抵是浣纱人妒忌美丽，换红衣裳，穿一件素白的罗衫，以便消减您那动人的魅力。这里写白莲仍是一片迷离之色，轻轻把题目的“白”字反挑出来。
“闲情淡雅，冶姿清润，凭娇待语。”白莲的姿态陡然呈现。“闲情淡雅”一串特写镜头，“淡雅”是写神魂，“清润”是说姿态：“凭娇待语”是拟人化手法，写出它“若讽若惜，如怨如慕”之情态。
“隔浦相逢，偶然倾盖，似传心素。”“隔浦”化用白居易的《隔浦莲曲》句：“隔浦爱红莲，昨日看犹在。”“倾盖”借用“倾盖而语”的成语。“心素”即心事。这里又补足了一笔，将上面意思说透。
结拍“怕湘皋佩解，绿云十里，卷西风去”。从眼前荡开，想到未来。“湘皋佩解”是个典故。郑交甫遇见江水女神得赠玉佩。这里的“佩解”是比喻莲花落瓣。“怕湘皋佩解。”讲不久西风吹来，花瓣飘落，如江妃解佩。只剩“绿云十里”在西风中飞卷罢了。
整首词，有总写，有分写，有远写，有近写，有正写，有侧写，章法颇可玩味。其中的“小舟夜悄”一段，迷离惝怳：“浣纱人妒”三句，想象幽奇：“凭娇待语”、“似传心素”，则人花合咏，也都显出作者的匠心。
长调咏物，要有整体的布局。或总或分，或实或虚，或探或补，手法颇多，规划得好，才能下笔。这首词，总分结合，远近相宜，章法颇为严谨。
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郑燮《
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题画兰》
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陆龟蒙《
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和袭美木兰后池三咏·白莲》
张炎简介
唐代·张炎的简介
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张炎（1248年－1320年），字叔夏，号玉田，晚年号乐笑翁。祖籍陕西凤翔。六世祖张俊，宋朝著名将领。父张枢，“西湖吟社”重要成员，妙解音律，与著名词人周密相交。张炎是勋贵之后，前半生居于临安，生活优裕，而宋亡以后则家道中落，晚年漂泊落拓。著有《山中白云词》，存词302首。张炎另一重要的贡献在于创作了中国最早的词论专著《词源》，总结整理了宋末雅词一派的主要艺术思想与成就，其中以“清空”，“骚雅”为主要主张。
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