燕归梁·凤莲
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宋代]：蒋捷
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我梦唐宫春昼迟。正舞到、曳裾时。翠云队仗绛霞衣。慢腾腾、手双垂。
忽然急鼓催将起，似彩凤、乱惊飞。梦回不见万琼妃。见荷花、被风吹。
燕归梁·凤莲鉴赏
试设想这样一个境界：当残暑季节的清晓，一阵阵的凉风，在水面清圆的万柄荷伞上送来，摆弄得十里银塘红翠飞舞。这晓风，透露给人们一个消息，莲花世界已面临秋意凋零的前夕了。这是空灵的画境，是迷惘的词境。怎样以妙笔去传神，化工给词人出下了这一个不易着手的难题。
在这首词里，词人通过他灵犀一点的慧思，在笔底开出了异采绚烂的花朵，幻出了一个美绝人天的梦境。出现在梦里的莲花，完全人格化了。她是唐代大画家周昉腕下的唐宫美人，她是在作霓裳羽衣之舞。沐浴在昭阳春昼的旖旎幻境中的她，绛裙曳烟，珠衱飘雾，玉光四射，奇丽袅娜的身影，回旋在人们心上，是非常难以恝置的美艳的传奇。而它的背后已带来了燃眉的邦国大祸。果然，撼动掀天雨点般的急鼓，惊破了舞曲，惊散了凤侣，一晌贪欢的梦境霎时幻灭。“梦回不见万琼妃”，词人声泪俱下地唱出了宗国沦亡的哀歌。“见荷花，被风吹”，这么临去秋波的一转，点明本题，让上面的梦境完全化为烟云。说她是琼妃也好，是荷花也好，幻想与现实，和谐地交织成为完美的艺术图案。
这词的艺术构思，迥出于寻常蹊径之外。莲华不易传神，风莲更不易传神，咏风莲而有寄托，更难，有寄托而不见寄托痕迹，难之尤难。作者巧妙地通过了梦，通过了拟人化的形象，通过了结层画龙点睛的手法，好像绝不费劲地达到了如上的要求。这是莲，但不是泛泛的莲，而是风中的莲。如果说翠仗绛衣是一幅着色画，那么彩凤惊飞的神态，更是画所不能到。读者读这首词，须得理解作者是宋末的遗民，是南宋亡国历史悲剧的见证人，透过这奇幻浓郁的浪漫主义风貌，去探索它的现实性，它将会使读者更加感到怅惘不甘，当时南宋沦亡的挽歌，还会在读者的灵魂深处荡漾着。
这是一首有寄托的咏物词，但寄托不同于影射，更不是要使读者去猜谜，它本身就是一种艺术美。这首词，即使撇开它的寄托意义不谈，仍然是一首咏风莲的绝唱，给人以美的享受。清代常州派词论家周济在《宋四家词选目录序论》中说：“夫词，非寄托不入，专寄托不出。一物一事，引而伸之，触类多通，驱心若游丝之缳飞英，含毫如郢斤之斫蝇翼。以无厚入有间，既习已，意感偶生，假类毕达，阅载千百，馨欬弗违，斯入矣。赋情独深，逐境必寤，酝酿日久，冥发妄中；虽铺叙平淡，摹绘浅近，而万感横集，五中无主；读其篇者，临渊窥鱼，意为鲂鲤，中宵惊电，罔识东西，赤子随母笑啼，乡人缘剧喜怒，抑可谓能出矣。”这首《燕归梁》好就好在入而能出。
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白居易《
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京兆府栽莲》
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蒋捷《
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燕归梁·凤莲》
蒋捷简介
唐代·蒋捷的简介
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蒋捷（生卒年不详），字胜欲，号竹山，宋末元初阳羡（今江苏宜兴）人。先世为宜兴巨族，咸淳十年（1274）进士。南宋亡，深怀亡国之痛，隐居不仕，人称“竹山先生”、“樱桃进士”，其气节为时人所重。长于词，与周密、王沂孙、张炎并称“宋末四大家”。其词多抒发故国之思、山河之恸 、风格多样，而以悲凉清俊、萧寥疏爽为主。尤以造语奇巧之作，在宋季词坛上独标一格，有《竹山词》1卷，收入毛晋《宋六十名家词》本、《疆村丛书》本；又《竹山词》2卷，收入涉园景宋元明词续刊本。
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