咏菊
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明代]:丘浚
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浅红淡白间深黄,簇簇新妆阵阵香。
咏菊鉴赏
诗贵自然,“咏物以托物寄兴为上”(清·薛雪《一瓢诗话》),托物寄兴亦以自然为绝妙,自然天成是咏物诗的至境。丘浚作诗主张自然成文,反对用奇语异辞,认为“眼前景物口头语,便是诗家绝妙辞”(《答友人论诗》)。所以,他的诗大都写得自然清新,颇多天机自动天籁自鸣机趣。他的咏物诗也大多是“眼前景物口头语”的自然流露,并不刻意追求寄托,只是在有意无意之间托物寄兴,借景言情,似无寄托而寄托遥深,更是精彩绝妙,不同凡响。
这首诗作意与作者的《咏荔枝》诗同一机杼,正确理解全诗旨意的关键,也在于对“可怜”一句内涵的准确把握和理解。此句与“可怜生处是天涯”句的句法相同,用意也一样,“可怜”在这里也该作可爱解。意思是说不到重阳,海南菊花就开放得如此美好清芬,它的可爱之处,就在于不屑为应时而开供人观赏。这样理解,才契合实际情况与诗人精神。海南四季如春,花儿四季开放,不受节侯限制。诗人对此深有体会,称誉海南岛是四季春香的花岛,说:“海岛三千余里地,花朝二十四番风”,处处“春光晓色四时同”(《花岛春香》)。菊花反季节开放,正是四季如春的花岛春香的典型特征的真实写照。诗人通过对海南菊花反季节开放的动人景象的深情赞颂,热情讴歌了海南人民不趋时不媚俗的高洁品格和高贵情操。
咏物诗妙在神与物游,情与景谐,在不离不即之间使形似与神似浑然天成完美结合。丘浚的《咏菊》诗就是这样的杰作。
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白居易《
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咏菊》
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唐寅《
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菊花》
丘浚简介
唐代·丘浚的简介
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丘浚(1418~1495)明代著名政治家、理学家、史学家、经济学家和文学家,海南四大才子之一。字仲深,号深庵、玉峰、别号海山老人,琼州琼台(今属海南)人。景泰五年进士,历官经筵讲官、侍讲、侍讲学士、翰林学士、国子临祭酒、礼部侍郎、尚书、纂修《宪宗实录》总裁官、文渊阁大学士、户部尚书兼武英殿大学士等职。丘浚学问渊博,熟悉当代掌故,晚年右眼失明仍披览不辍,研究领域涉政治、经济、文学、医学等,著述甚丰,同海瑞合称为“海南双壁”。
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