虞美人·赋虞美人草
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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当年得意如芳草。日日春风好。拔山力尽忽悲歌。饮罢虞兮从此、奈君何。
人间不识精诚苦。贪看青青舞。蓦然敛袂却亭亭。怕是曲中犹带、楚歌声。
虞美人·赋虞美人草译文及注释
译文
以前当年虞美人过着轻歌曼舞的生活，好象芳草天天得到春风吹拂，自由自在地滋长繁荣，过着无拘无束的美好生活。项羽刚愎自用，屡犯错误，终于招致了垓下之围。在四面楚歌声中，他痛饮悲歌，高唱的哀歌，和虞美人诀别。虞美人为了忠贞于爱情，不愿入汉宫受辱，也就在无可奈何的情况下，唱完和歌而自刎。
虞美人宁愿死去化为草，以死来保持自己对项王的忠诚，想以死来报答项王对自己的恩爱。她这种心意，十分精诚，也十分痛苦。可所有人有谁知道她、体惜她呢？绝大多数人都是好德不如好色，贪看和赞赏她临风而舞的优美姿态。众人正在贪看和赞美虞美人草翩翩起舞的娇姿艳态时，她忽然收敛舞袖，停止舞蹈，笔挺地站着不动。恐怕是伴奏的舞曲还带有楚歌的声音，使她伤感往事而不愿再舞了吧？
注释
虞美人：词牌名；原为唐教坊曲，后用为词牌名。又名“一江春水”“玉壶水”“巫山十二峰”等。双调，五十六字，上下片各四句，皆为两仄韵转两平韵，项羽姬妾虞姬称虞美人。
虞美人草：雅州名山县，出虞美人草。如鸡冠花。叶两两相对，为唱《虞美人曲》。
青青：茂盛貌。
亭亭：孤立无依之貌。
参考资料：
1、谢永芳．辛弃疾诗词全集 汇校汇注汇评：崇文书局，2016.06：第356页
2、徐汉明校注．辛弃疾全集校注 下册：华中科技大学出版社，2012.03：第586页
3、胡正山 陈立君．花卉鉴赏辞典：湖南科学技术出版社，1992年03月第1版：第560页
虞美人·赋虞美人草创作背景
此词于庆元元年（1195）或二年辛弃疾被弹劾去职、闲居带湖时闲居带湖时所作。辛弃疾在带湖居住期间，常到博山游览，博山风景优美，他却无心赏玩。眼看国事日非，自己无能为力，一腔愁绪无法排遣，遂创作了此词。
参考资料：
1、谢永芳．辛弃疾诗词全集 汇校汇注汇评：崇文书局，2016.06：第356页
2、唐圭璋 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：2477
3、陆林编注．宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992：207-208
虞美人·赋虞美人草鉴赏
词的上片写霸王别姬，是用对比手法来写的。开头两句写项羽春风得意，言其当年在全国反抗暴秦的浪潮中乘机起事，犹如芳草应运而生，春风得意，枝繁叶茂，成为西楚霸王，天下无敌。这两句以芳草喻项羽，既生动形象，富有诗情画意，又贴近词题，颇为得体。“拔山”承上启下，写其由强变弱，由盛转衰，化用项羽的悲歌，浑化无痕，并巧妙地引出结尾二句。“饮罢”二句写霸王别姬。言帐饮之后，彼此分离，而虞姬何以对待项羽呢？言外之意是说她只有以死酬知己，相从于地下，这就自然地过渡到下片去。
词的下片咏虞美人草。“人间”二句言虞美人草为虞姬精诚所化，听到虞美人曲，就应拍而舞，千载之下，犹见其对项羽的精诚，世人不理解这一点，只是“贪看青青舞”，则辜负了虞美人的一片苦心。“暮然”句写虞美人草停止舞动。在这里，作者使用“敛袂”，写虞美人草静止不动，犹如美人整整衣袖，停止歌舞，既增加了意趣，又让人觉得格外生动。为什么虞美人停止舞动？“怕是曲中犹带、楚歌声”，引起虞姬怀旧情绪而不忍卒舞，用拟人笔法和心理描写的方式，推想虞美人草不舞的原因，赋予虞美人草以人的感情色彩，含蓄蕴藉，真挚动人。
总观全词，作者对虞美人草的遭遇是惋惜的，对虞美人草的品格是赞赏的。联系作者身世和南宋情况来看，作者是想借此词来讽刺和规劝南宋君臣不要沉溺于歌舞生活，招致亡国杀身之祸，而应发奋图强，收复失地，重振国威。同时，作者也是借此词来抒发自己怀才不遇、壮志难酬的悲愤。因此，这首词写得既豪放又婉约，是咏物词中的妙品。
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陈允平《
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红林擒近·寿词·满路花》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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