浣溪沙·几共查梨到雪霜
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宋代]：苏轼
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几共查梨到雪霜，一经题品便生光，木奴何处避雌黄。
北客有来初未识，南金无价喜新尝，含滋嚼句齿牙香。
浣溪沙·几共查梨到雪霜译文及注释
译文
橘树何时与山楂、山梨一起长到雪霜来时？一旦经过品评之后，便增添光彩。橘子能在什么地方避开人们的议论？
我到黄州来，开始还未认识橘树。如荆州、扬州产的金子般的橘子极为贵重，我乐于尝新橘。品尝橘子吮它的滋味，赋写橘诗嚼它的句子，口味芳香。
注释
浣溪沙：词牌名，唐教坊曲名，因春秋时期人西施浣纱于若耶溪而得名，后用作词牌名，又名“浣溪纱”“小庭花”等。此调有平仄两体。全词分上下两片，上片三句全用韵，下片末二句用韵，过片二句用对偶句的居多。音节明快，句式整齐，易于上口，为婉约派与豪放派多数词人所常用。
几：何时。共：同与。查（zhā）：楂，山楂。
题品：品评。生光：增添光彩。
木奴：橘子古名。
雌黄：《晋书·王衍传》：每捉玉柄尘尾，与手同色。义理有所不安，随即改更，世号“口中雌黄”。
北客：苏轼自谓。有来：到黄州来。初：开始。
南金：《毛传》疏：“荆，扬之州，于诸州最处南偏，又此二州出金，故知南为荆、扬也。”无价：无法计价。
齿牙：口味的俗称。
参考资料：
1、石声淮，唐玲玲．东坡乐府编年笺注．武汉：华中师范大学出版社，1990：457
2、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：759-760
浣溪沙·几共查梨到雪霜创作背景
宋神宗元丰五年（公元1082年）十二月，是苏轼贬居黄州的第三年冬天，苏轼品尝香橘有感，作该词抒发自己清新高洁的性情。
参考资料：
1、石声淮，唐玲玲．东坡乐府编年笺注．武汉：华中师范大学出版社，1990：457
2、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：759-760
浣溪沙·几共查梨到雪霜鉴赏
上片，咏橘的高洁品格和生活地位。“几共查梨到雪霜，一经题品便生光”，以衬托手法突出橘的傲霜雪的高洁品格。山楂和山梨一到深秋就成熟，根本度不过霜期，而橘子却能凌霜傲雪，常绿不衰。正因两者从未“几共”“到雪霜”，更加突出了橘子的孤傲性格。于是一经人们“题品”，“便生光”彩。屈原的《橘颂》也正是光彩照人之作。自古以来，对橘的是非褒贬从未停息。橘之所以被人称颂，原于它的凌霜傲雪。橘之所以被人贬责，原于它是生于山间的“木奴”。所以该词的上片最后一句，苏轼发出“木奴何处避雌黄”的感叹，也是为橘的俗名“木奴”正名。这一过片问句，为下片进一步咏橘作了铺垫。
下片，写橘之品格、价值和地位。“北客有来初未识，南金无价喜新尝”，以对衬之笔，先写“北客”对橘初不相识，正是为了衬托如“南金无价”的橘子乐于被人们“新尝”的价值。于是更进一步赢得人们的满含滋吮它的滋味，赋写赞颂它的诗句，其“齿牙香”在人的生活中的地位是流芳历史的。
全词，运用了比衬、抑扬、反问、通感等手法，渲染了橘子的耐寒、丰硕、香味。尤其运用“南金”之典和通感心理，反衬出橘子的美质和价值。
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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