孤雁
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唐代]：杜甫
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望尽似犹见，哀多如更闻。
孤雁译文及注释
译文
一只离群孤雁，不想饮水，不肯进食，只是低飞哀叫，思念追寻它的同伴。
雁群消失在云海之间，谁来怜惜着天际孤雁?
放眼望尽天涯，好像看到同伴身影；哀鸣响震山谷，好像听到同伴的声音。
野鸦不解孤雁心情，只顾自己鸣噪不停。
注释
①饮啄：鸟类饮水啄食。
②万重云：指天高路远，云海弥漫。
③望尽：望尽天际。
④意绪：心绪，念头。
⑤鸣噪：野鸦啼叫。自：自己。一作“亦”。
孤雁创作背景
《孤雁》 这首咏物诗作于大历初年杜甫旅居夔州期间。由于四川政局混乱，杜甫带着家人离开成都，乘船沿长江 出川，滞留夔州。诗人晚年多病，故交零落，处境艰难，心中充满失意之感和哀伤之情。
孤雁鉴赏
首联“孤雁不饮啄，飞鸣声念群”唤出“孤雁”，“不饮啄”。写得孤雁有品骨。孤雁非常想念它的同伴。不单是想念，而且还拼命追寻，是一只情感热烈而执着的“孤雁”。“不饮啄”体现出孤雁的执着，不达目的绝不放弃的决心。寄寓诗人当时渴望与亲人朋友团聚的心情。
颔联“谁怜一片影，相失万重云？”境界忽然开阔。高远浩茫的天空中，这小小的孤雁仅是“一片影”，它与雁群相失在“万重云”间，此时此际显得惶急、焦虑和迷茫。“一片”、“万重”对比，构成极大的反差，极言其“孤”。“谁怜”二字直抒胸臆，凝聚了诗人对孤雁的怜悯之情。形象地写出了路远雁孤、同伴难寻的凄苦之情。这一联以“谁怜”二字设问诗人与雁，“物我交融”，浑然一体了。诗人所思念的不单是兄弟，还包括他的亲密的朋友。经历了安史之乱，在那动荡不安的年月里，诗人流落他乡，亲朋离散，天各一方，可他无时不渴望骨肉团聚，无日不梦想知友重逢，这孤零零的雁儿，寄寓了诗人自己的影子。
颈联“望尽似犹见，哀多如更闻。”联紧承上联，从心理方面刻画孤雁的鲜明个性。“似”、“如”二字表现了未见而似见，未闻而犹闻的幻觉。颈联通过对孤雁飞着叫着寻找同伴的描写，将孤雁的渴望、煎熬表现得淋漓尽致。它被思念缠绕着，被痛苦煎熬着，迫使它不停地飞鸣。它望尽天际，不停地望，仿佛那失去的雁群老在它眼前晃。它哀唤声声，不停地唤，似乎那侣伴的鸣声老在它耳畔响。所以，它更要不停地追飞，不停地呼唤了。这两句血泪文字，情深意切，哀痛欲绝。从中体现出诗人流离失所，生活困苦，又没有亲人和朋友可以依靠的状态。“犹”和“更”道出了诗人心中的沉重的悲哀与伤痛。
尾联“野鸦无意绪，鸣噪自纷纷。”用了陪衬的笔法，表达了诗人的爱憎感情。用野鸦的无忧无虑、热闹非常来反衬孤雁的寂寞、愁苦，尾联进一步表现了孤雁渴望团聚的哀愁与奋力寻找的坚持不懈。孤雁念群之情那么迫切，它那么痛苦、劳累；而野鸦们是全然不懂的，它们纷纷然鸣噪不停，自得其乐。“无意绪”是孤雁对着野鸦时的心情，也是杜甫既不能与知己亲朋相见，却面对着一些俗客庸夫时厌恶无聊的心绪。
这是一篇念群之雁的赞歌，它表现的情感是浓挚的，悲中有壮的。孤雁那样孤单、困苦，同时却还要不断地呼号、追求，它那念友之情在胸中炽烈地燃烧，它甚至连吃喝都可抛弃，更不顾处境的安危；虽然命薄但是心高，宁愿飞翔在万重云里，未曾留意暮雨寒塘，诗情激切高昂，思想境界很高。就艺术技巧而论，全篇咏物传神，是大匠运斤，自然浑成，全无斧凿之痕。中间两联有情有景，一气呵成，而且景中有声有色，甚至还有光和影，能给读者以“立体感”。
全诗以孤雁象征自己。诗写的是孤雁，无一字涉及诗人自己。但通过这只不饮不啄、穿飞哀鸣、思寻伙伴的失群的孤雁间接暗示了诗人在战乱中只身颠沛流离、怀念亲朋的情怀。
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咏笼莺》
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郑谷《
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鹭鸶》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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明代：
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王弘诲
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旅宿依沙际，帆樯两岸阴。村舂涵树乱，市酿傍花斟。
风定猿声密，波澄鸟语沉。客怀聊自慰，清夜听歌音。