放言五首·其四
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唐代]：白居易
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谁家宅第成还破，何处亲宾哭复歌？
北邙未省留闲地，东海何曾有顶波。
放言五首·其四译文及注释
译文
谁家住宅建成后还去破坏，哪里的亲朋哭了以后又唱起来？
昨天屋内外还挤满了人，今天在门外就如此冷落了。
北邙山没有留下空闲土地，东海何曾有稳定的波浪？
不要嫌贫爱富去夸张炫耀，死后都成了枯骨又如何呢？
注释
宅第：住宅。官员和贵族的大住宅。亲宾：亲人和朋友。哭复歌：因显贵而歌，因败亡而哭。
炙（zhì）手：热得烫手。比喻权贵势焰之盛。《新唐书·崔铉传》：“铉所善者，郑鲁、杨绍复、段瑰、薛蒙，颇参议论。时语曰：‘郑、杨、段、薛，炙手可热；欲得命通，鲁、绍、瑰、蒙。’”张罗：本指张设罗网捕捉虫鸟。常以形容冷落少人迹。何逊《车中见新林分别甚盛》诗：“穷巷可张罗。”形容门庭冷落。《史记·汲郑列传》：“夫以汲、郑之贤，有势则宾客十倍，无势则否，况众人乎！下邽翟公有言，始翟公为廷尉，宾客阗门；及废，门外可设雀罗。”汲（jí）：汲黯。郑：郑当时。阗（tián）：塞，充满。罗：捕鸟的网。
“北邙”二句：言富贵贫贱是随着世事变化而变化的。北邙（máng）：山名，亦作北芒，即邙山，在今河南省洛阳市北。东汉及北魏的王侯公卿死后多葬于此。后人因常以泛指墓地。王建《北邙行》：“北邙山头少闲土，尽是洛阳人旧墓。”未省：未见。后句即“沧海桑田”之意，比喻社会剧变，人事无常。晋葛洪《麻姑传》：“麻姑（传说中仙人名）自说云：‘接待以来，已见东海三为桑田。向时蓬莱，水又浅于往者，会时略半矣，岂将复还为陵陆乎？’”
“莫笑”二句：为告诫语。前句的“莫”字管“笑”与“夸”二字。后句意谓贫贱、富贵之人，其最后归宿都是一样的。
参考资料：
1、吴大奎 马秀娟．元稹白居易诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991 ：210-213
2、彭重光 龚克昌．白居易及其作品选．上海：上海古籍出版社，1998：123-125
放言五首·其四创作背景
据序文可知，这组诗是唐宪宗元和十年（815年）白居易在被贬谪去江州（浔阳）途中和元稹的同名组诗之作。元稹在江陵期间，写了五首《放言》诗表示自己的心情。过了五年，诗人被贬为江州司马。写下《放言五首》诗奉和。
参考资料：
1、彭重光 龚克昌．白居易及其作品选．上海：上海古籍出版社，1998：123-125
2、赵庆培 张燕瑾 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：896-898
放言五首·其四鉴赏
这首诗通篇谈世事人生的变化。甲第贵宅破败了，亲人朋友死亡了；昨天炙手可热的人家，今朝门可罗雀；浩瀚汤汤的东海三为桑田。宇宙一切的一切，都在运动，都在变化。世界就在这运动、变化中发展，前进。人生的富贵也是变化的，所以决不能因为自己的一时显荣，就自我夸耀，看不起别人。这些反映了作者朴素的唯物辩证法思想，对人们正确地认识人生和社会，不无哲理的启示。
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张惠言《
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双双燕·满城社雨》
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北宋·张载《
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西铭》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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买醉留僧烛，敲吟折水荭。沙边鸣宿雁，亦似哭诗翁。
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宋代：
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上元云路玉尘飞，应是虬骖罢会归。望合郊原人世变，映浮城郭夜灯微。
连天忘却黄冈县，际水平将赤壁矶。滚滚长江耐澄挠，浪回鸥鸟一惊翚。
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宋代：
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亲老复婴孩，吾生自可哀。
无田得归去，有俸是嗟来。