苛政猛于虎
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两汉]：佚名
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孔子过泰山侧，有妇人哭于墓者而哀，夫子式而听之，使子路问之，曰：“子之哭也，壹似重有忧者。”而曰：“然。昔者吾舅死于虎，吾夫又死焉，今吾子又死焉。”夫子曰：“何为不去也？”曰：“无苛政。”夫子曰：“小子识之：苛政猛于虎也。”
出自《十三经注疏》本《礼记·檀弓下》。
苛政猛于虎译文及注释
译文
孔子路过泰山边，有个妇人在坟墓旁哭得很悲伤。孔子扶着车前的伏手板听着，派子路问她说：“你这样哭，真好像不止一次遭遇到不幸了。”她就说：“是啊！以前我公公死在老虎口中，我丈夫也死在老虎口中，现在我儿子又被虎咬死了。”孔子说：“为什么不离开这里呢？”妇女回答说：“（因为）这里没有残暴的政令。”孔子说：“子路要记住，残暴的政令比老虎还要可怕！”
注释
式：同“轼”，车前的伏手板，这里用作动词 扶着车前的扶手板。
子路（前542——前480）：孔子弟子，鲁国卞（今山东省泗水县）人，仲氏，名由，一字季路。
壹：真是，实在。（4）而：乃。
然：是这样的。
舅：丈夫的父亲（指公公）。古以舅姑称公婆。
焉：于此，在此。
去：离开。
苛政：繁重的徭役赋税。
小子：古时长辈对晚辈，或老师对学生的称呼。
识（zhì）：同“志”，记住。
苛政猛于虎鉴赏
这篇文章通过“苛政”与“猛虎”的绝妙对比，形象生动地揭露了封建统治者的残暴本性，对封建暴政的鞭挞入木三分。祖孙三代命丧虎口，令人悲悯。但可悲的不在于老虎吃人，而在于以身饲虎却难舍其地。那悲凄老妇的一席话，那一条条离去的鲜活生命，是对当政者，尤其是昏庸残暴者的血泪控诉。孔子提出“德治”，“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共（拱）之”（《论语·为政》）；孟子提出施“仁政”，“君行仁政，斯民亲其上，死其长也”（《孟子·梁惠王下》）。表达的都是儒家的政治主张。这则故事，形象地说明了“苛政猛于虎”的道理，发人深省。
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